International financial management

Ideas of Exposure Currency Exposure Risk The exposures brought about by the unforeseen variances in remote cash rates and thus, changes in the estimation of booked progression of accounts are alluded to as money introduction chance. To defeat the cash presentation dangers, organizations may utilize supporting method or accomplishing effectiveness in operational limit of their organizations. These sorts of exposures are likewise alluded to as income exposures (Siddaiah, 2010; Eiteman, Stonehil, Moffett, 2010).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on International money related administration explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Translation Exposure Risk Financial exchanges of an association which are recorded in remote monetary forms and are then changed over into the nearby cash of a universal business for introduction in the fiscal summaries are dependent upon interpretation exposures. Around the world, after procedures are utilized by multinationals fo r overseeing money interpretation: Temporal strategy Current/noncurrent technique Monetary/nonmonetary strategy Current rate technique (Siddaiah, 2010; Eiteman, Stonehil, Moffett, 2010). Monetary Exposure Risk The progressions emerging in multinationals’ future incomes because of the progressions in outside trade rates are alluded to as financial presentation chance. Financial introduction can additionally be delegated working presentation and exchange introduction (Siddaiah, 2010; Eiteman, Stonehil, Moffett, 2010). 2. In the event that the swapping scale of EUR/USD was 1.2868 in 30 days then lost $10,000 for example the distinction of $138,680 †$28,680 would be recorded in the benefit and misfortune account as a trade misfortune for the period identified with business managing the European client (Madura, 2012). As DGP INC is a retail business working in Europe and the Euro has indicated thankfulness against the US Dollar in the outside money showcase, it would straight forwardly impact DGP INC activities as it would import products at a less expensive cost. Then again, DGP receivables would be off lesser incentive when contrasted with their past qualities. Such exchanges impact entities’ financial exercises (Apte., 2010). Interpretation presentation exists in exchanges as now the receivable equivalent to Euro 1 is worth $1.28, though, before it was worth $1.38 to 1 Euro. 3. On the off chance that the conversion scale was EUR/USD 1.4868 in 30 days, an addition of $10,000 would be recorded in the benefit and misfortune as a trade gain, for example the distinction $138,680 †$148,680. Be that as it may, here, the impacts would be inverse as the situation changed here as the Euro is deteriorating against the Dollar. Presently, DGP INC would import costly products and the receivable would be off more prominent incentive as it very well may be noticed that the organization would record an increase after interpretation, which would influence e ntities’ money streaming exercises (Das, 2013).Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Translation introduction exists in the exchange as now the receivable equivalent to Euro 1 is worth $1.48, though before it was worth $1.38 to 1 Euro, yet now the organization would buy less as now the Euro is worth less contrasted with US Dollar. 4. Organization should utilize short support strategy so as to diminish such hazard by locking the measure of offer cost with the purchaser so that if there are any expansion or lessening in return rates, it would not influence the deal cost of the substance. To disentangle, this supporting methods permit a business to base its situation as per the earth in the market on transient premise (Giddy, 2013). For instance, to flexible investments of DGP INC during troublesome economic situations, it might select to go for securing exchan ges with customers in the universal markets. Allow us to assume, if DGP participates in business with ABC business across mainland, than it would go for locking the measure of offer cost with ABC. It is critical to see here that DGP ought to be productive enough to check the market condition and foresee an interpretation esteem that suits the two gatherings and doesn't hurt their advantage. Presently, regardless of whether there are any surprising changes in the conversion scale, the arrangement among DGP and ABC will remain all things considered and the adjustment in the swapping scale wouldn’t influence the deal cost of the element. To give another case of evading introduction dangers is the currency showcase supporting strategy for DGP future remote trade bargains. Accepting ABC INC as a customer, DGP INC would offer its items to its customer by obtaining a similar estimation of offer receipts from a bank in ABC INC’s neighborhood cash and afterward pay out ABC INCà ¢â‚¬â„¢s nearby money designated sum for the bought items. The cost engaged with this exchange is the financing cost on ABC INC’s nearby money credit, which is by one way or another less exorbitant than the other supporting strategies. Reference List Apte. (2010). Global Financial Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Das, D. (2013). Worldwide Finance: Contemporary Issues. London: Routledge.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on International money related administration explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Eiteman, D., Stonehil, A., Moffett, M. (2010). Worldwide Business Finance twelfth Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Thrilled, I. H. (2013, June 25). Corporate Hedging: Tools and Techniques. Recovered from: http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~igiddy/articles/hedging_techniques.html Madura, J. (2012). Universal Financial Management, Abridged Edition. NY: Cengage. Siddaiah, T. (2010). Worldwide Financial Management. New Delhi: Pearson Education Indi a. This exposition on International money related administration was composed and put together by client Jonah A. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here. Global Financial Management Presentation In contemporary business condition multinationals are setting up their assembling plants in nations with modest variables of creation and whose global and neighborhood markets are blasting; India and China are among the most preferred nations by multinationals. Current battles to protection the earth have developed sustainable power source industry in various pieces of the world.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on International Financial Management †Rainbow Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rainbow Power Company is an Australian global that makes and sells sustainable power source items; the organization wishes to set up whether it ought to follow other worldwide procedure of setting up creation lines in either China or India (Charles, 2011). This paper talks about the chances and dangers that Rainbow Company could look in the wake of building up creation line in either India or China; toward the finish of the report, the report will offer suggestions to the organization on the best nation of the two to set up a creation line. The idea of the inexhaustible/reasonable vitality innovation showcase India and china have the capability of utilizing sustainable power sources as they have sunlight based, wind, water, and geothermal vitality possibilities. India and China have daylight during the time a factor that favor a creation of sun based boards; India has the limit of delivering 250KWH every month with just Rs. 5 Lacs. China has more than 400 photovoltaic (PV) which in 2007 had the option to deliver 1700 MWs of sunlight based boards where 99% of them were sent out. The fundamental producers of sun based boards that the Rainbow would need to contend with incorporate GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited, Yunnan Semi-conductor Parts Plant, and Guofei Green Energy Source. India is considered as the â€Å"wind Superpower:, the nation has a capability of creating 45000MW from its 13 principle states. Such a p otential is the open door that Rainbow Company ought to use on and concoct contraptions to tap the potential. India has capability of delivering hydro-vitality with just 20% of the country’s potential having been used; this shows if Rainbow somehow happened to wander in the market, there are some blue seas that it can exploit (Gevorg, 2011). China then again has wind possible that in 2010 breeze vitality represented 41.8 gig watts (GW) of the national power creation; the legislature has plans to have the creation and utilization of wind vitality expanded to 100 gig watts (GWs) by 2015. With the possibilities that the administration has, Rainbow Company has the chance of offering its items to the quickly developing interest of the sustainable power source items. The diagram underneath shows the track of utilization of wind vitality in china: Chart 1 Wind power in the PRC 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Capacity (MW) 1,260 2,599 5,912 12,170 25,100 41,800 Production (GW ·h) 1,9 27 3,675 5,425 12,425 25,000 India creates high fiber squanders from sugarcane, food grains, vegetables and natural products among other agrarian items; the squanders can be aged to deliver biogas that can be utilized as another wellspring of vitality. The principle organizations that Rainbow should contend with in India incorporate Suzlon Energy, Moser Baer, Tata Power/Tata BP Solar, and Orient Green Power (Ranjini, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chart 2 Ten of the biggest hydroelectric makers as at 2009 Country Annual hydroelectric creation (TWh) Installed limit (GW) Capacity factor % of all out limit China 652.05 196.79 0.37 22.25 Canada 369.5 88.974 0.59 61.12 Brazil 363.8 69.080 0.56 85.56 United States 250.6 79.511 0.42 5.74

Anxiety Culture

Subject Society must surrender the conviction of difficult work that we gained from the Puritan time to live a valid, cheerful, and satisfying life. Demeanor concern, educational, intelligent (Tone) An Audience The common laborers R Rhetorical inquiry â€Å"How would you be able to loathe straightforwardness and sluggishness then Strategy not feel regretful when you take a rest? † (Anxiety Culture: The puritan Work Ethic)Commentary In the magazine article, â€Å"Anxiety Culture: The Puritan Work Ethic. † by Brian Dean, he utilizes the facetious inquiry â€Å"How would you be able to detest straightforwardness and lethargy then not feel remorseful when you take a rest? ‘ to permit the perusers to respond to the inquiry in their mind and make them consider the subject. The peruser gets the purpose of the article obviously by responding to the inquiry in their minds without the writer expressing it directly.Brian Dean drives the peruser, with this non-serious inquir y, to understand that we as a whole have something within us that shields us from easing back down and unwinding. At that point, Dean proceeds to clarify why we do have these convictions and what is customized within us to trust it is correct. I attempted the test given by the creator and flopped rapidly! I just could do it for around 1 hour and 48 minutes. At the point when I was Just laying there sitting idle, I felt this surge of regret, and I was unable to quit pondering all the things I should e doing rather than this.It was additionally extremely hard for my mother, since I help her around the house and by every moment she turned out to be progressively irritated. I concur with the article that we are modified not to unwind, and to continually be possessing ourselves with work. It was perhaps the hardest activity. STARS By Triennial Puritan Work Ethic) Commentary In the magazine article, â€Å"Anxiety Culture: The Puritan Work Ethic,† by then not feel regretful when you take a rest? † to permit the perusers to answer the

Book Thief Essay Topics

Book Thief Essay TopicsThe book thief is a person who steals books from private homes, public libraries, bookstores, and from other businesses. In many instances, the book thief can be an employee of the business or an employee of the owner. Here are some of the most common book theft essay topics:-In this theft topic, we will address how the business owner can protect his or her belongings. The business owner can look for a lock on the door or on the windows. If the business owner cannot find the right lock for the bookshelf, he or she can opt to hire a security guard to do the job.-In this theft topic, we will address books that are not in the business's inventory but still have been stolen. In most cases, the book thief would just keep the books for himself or herself, because they know that there is little chance that the owner of the business will be able to get it back. In addition, if the business owner is busy with other things, it is very likely that he or she will not notic e the book thief for some time.-This theft topic deals with a couple of cases. In the first instance, the book thief might steal the books because he or she was bored and did not know how to make a living. In the second instance, the book thief may take the books for personal gain. In both of these cases, the business owner should consider hiring a security guard to make sure that the books will not fall into the wrong hands.-In this theft topic, we will cover a method of preventing the book thief from returning the books. The business owner can ask the employees in the company to remove all of the books from the shelves of the store. As an alternative, the business owner can ask the employees to place the books in secure boxes.-The last theft topic deals with identifying the owner of the book thief. Most businesses fail to realize that the book thief is not alone. If the book thief finds that the owner is no longer available, the book thief may just steal the books on the sly. Ther efore, the business owner should find out the identity of the owner of the book thief.-This theft topic discusses how the owner can prevent the book thief from stealing more books from the business. In most cases, the book thief uses one or two different keypads to gain access to the bookshelf. To prevent this from happening, the business owner can place one pad on each side of the shelves where the books are stored. In addition, the business owner should also place a pad inside the bookshelf so that the bookshelf cannot be easily accessed.Overall, this article has covered three of the most common theft topics that occur with regard to book thieves. The theft topics that we covered deal with businesses and owners looking for ways to prevent stolen books from being placed back on the shelves. We also discussed how the owner of the book thief could be identified, and finally, we talked about the third theft topic that the business owner can use to prevent book thefts from occurring.

Effect of Domestic Violence on Children - 692 Words

PS 103 ASSIGNMENT 1 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ID: S99003183; URIAM ROBATI ABSTRACT Domestic Violence has a great effect on children. Domestic violence also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse or child abuse is recognized as a pattern of abusive behavior by one or both partners especially those in marriage. This coercive behavior is used against another person to obtain power and control over the other party in a relationship. Domestic violence takes many forms such as physical violence which includes kicking, hitting, shoving and restraining. Verbal and physical threats of sexual abuse, intimidation and emotional abuse are aspects of domestic abuse. Criminal justification of domestic violence varies between different states such that†¦show more content†¦Most theories on human growth and development advance the idea that individual identity is a result of combined internal and external factors in an individual s environment ( †¦.). But what if that environment exposes a child to violence and abuse committed by his or her own parents ? This paper aims to examine the implications and effects of exposure and experience of domestic violence in the home in relation to children s formation and perception of identity II . Review of Related Literature At the mention of domestic abuse most people s first reaction is wife battery or spousal abuse . However , It is not only the beleaguered spouse who suffers the effects of an abusive domestic life . Due to their age and dependence on their parents , children are among the hardest hit by the effects of domestic abuse . While they may not necessarily receive direct physical or verbal abuse from their parents , exposure to domestic violence alone can affect their cognitive development and perceptions not only of gender roles but also their sense of identity Women are commonly the victims in abusive relationships. Because of their own coping problems and stress, their ability to function in their maternal parenting capacity is often impaired leaving the children to fend for themselves in terms of interpreting and developing a form of understanding of their home situation (Levendosky and Graham-Bermann 2001 , pp .172-173 The ways and degrees by which children are exposedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1529 Words   |  7 PagesProject: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Trudy Root Kaplan University CM107-11 Children are negatively impacted by the surrounding of domestic violence in multiple ways, in which need to be identified. The audience that needs to be aware of domestic abuse’s effects on children is adults that care for children; such as pediatricians, teachers, counselors, and parents. The issue that needs to be addressed is the negative effects on children involved in a domestic violence situationRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1387 Words   |  6 Pages Literature Review: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children By Taralyn Dean SW 8570 March 11, 2015 Introduction Today this paper will be exploring the affects of intimate partner domestic violence and how this impacts the children. The children of theses situations are the bystanders of these physical and emotional events. This paper will review in depth what other professionals are saying about the children of the domestic violence relationships and also the findings andRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesIn a similar study by Ybarra, Wilkens, Lieberman (2007) the goal was to determine if domestic violence leads to functioning shortfalls, and what its effects it has on a child’s behavioral and cognitive functioning. In homes where domestic violence happens, young children are more likely to witness violence than older children. It was hypothesized that children who witnessed violence at home had lower verbal capabilities, and would display greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors. ParticipantsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who ’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children And Children1541 Words   |  7 Pageslife. Domestic abused affect women and children. Lots of women are more at risk in their own home. Spouse abuses happen when one person in the marriage chooses to control the other party by using fair intimidation physical, emotional abuse. Domestic violence displaced many families because they are trying to get away from their abuser. Abuse can range from physical, mentally, emotional or psychological. One of every 5 woman are said to have experience an abuse from their partner. The effect of DomesticRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children908 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Domestic Violence on Children by Mary Pelham English 1010-19 5 October 2011 Pelham i Outline I. Effects on younger children A. Feelings of deprivation Read MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Many children witness domestic violence each day. Most times, children witness their mothers being abuse by their fathers, step-fathers, or mother’s boyfriends. According to Couchenour and Chrisman (2011), â€Å"Women and children are at greater risk of being victims of abuse than are men† (p. 131). Witnessing violence or being abused at home has serious effects on children. This article explains the short-term and long-term effects that domestic violence hasRead MoreEffects Of Domestic Violence On Children990 Words   |  4 Pagesexposed to domestic violence at an early age, that child adapts to these adverse circumstance and situations (Holmes, 2013). Therefore, children who are regularly exposed to domestic violence may initially display less aggressive behaviors than children who are never exposed. However, this is due to their fear of being a victim of a physical assault (Holmes, 2013). This finding was interesting because it shows how deeply the children are affe cted by exposure to domestic violence. The children becomeRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1444 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to domestic abuse there are signs to watch for and if caught early enough one can stop it before it begins. In violent relationships the ultimate goal of the abuser is to have complete control over the abused. According to Shattered Lives magazine, â€Å"One out of every four households experience a form of domestic violence† (1). When one feels they have nowhere to go they become more attached and often have children with their perpetrator. The children also play a part in the family members

Analysis Of George Orwell s 1984 - 1026 Words

In 1984, by George Orwell violence contributed to the plot by having three stages of reintegration. The stages are to learn, understand, and to accept, Winston was forced to learn that 2+2=5 under torture, understanding that the party is good, and seeks power for its own. Winston accepts and understands the Party and Big Brother as soon as Winston wishes the burden of torture on someone else who he loves, and to learn that Big Brother is eternal and that 2+2=5, Winston then is committed and loyal to the Party and its understands purpose, as he awaits his execution to prove his devotion to the party. At the beginning of the reintegration, Winston Smith was forced to learn under torture by O’Brien that 2+2=5 because that is what the Party says. The text state’s â€Å"’How many fingers am I holding up, Winston?’ ‘Four.’ ‘And if the Party says that it is not four but five-then how many?’ ‘Four.’ The word ended in a gasp of pain†¦The needle went up to sixty†¦The pain flowed into Winston’s body†¦Perhaps the needle was at eighty-ninety†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢How many fingers am I holding up, Winston?’ ‘I don’t know. I don’t know. You will kill me if you do that again. Four, five, six-in all honesty I don’t know.’ ‘Better,’ said O’Brien† (Orwell, 249-252). This scene illustrates that Winston was forced to learn that 2+2=5 or else pain would be inflicted upon him. O’Brien manipulates Winston to learn to obey the Party. Not only is Winston forced to learn, he is forced to understand the reasoning behind theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984848 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis In the George Orwell’s novel 1984, much of the society is watched and have no privacy of any kind. Every person in the Party is under surveillance. In effect, these people cannot live freely and independently, but it seems to be an impossible task because of of the Party surveillance, and how they limit thinking and manipulate reality. We can similarly see these concerns and their effects in today s society and the ways the novel also acts as a warning for the future. In 1984 a manRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the Party has many strategies and tactics that help them have complete control of the people of Oceania. The control the Party has maintained gives them the ability to manipulate people as a result. The Party takes away the people’s freedom to have a say in their government and become their own person. They use their power to an extreme against the people rather than to help the people. The Party takes advantage of every opportunity to instill fear in the citizensRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 949 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"1984† is a story which takes place in what was then the future of England. The book illustrates a dystopian society in which a government figure named â€Å"Big Brother† rules above all. The country is surrounded by eyes so to speak, devices called â€Å"telescreens† are in houses and buildings to monitor wha t all of the citizens are doing via camera. Coupled with that is the existence of the â€Å"Thought Police† whose sole job is to monitor citizens from committing â€Å"thoughtcrime† which is essentially thinkingRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 923 Words   |  4 Pages1984, is a book written by George Orwell giving the reader a view of what a dystopian government would be like. The government of Oceania controls the lives of it’s citizens; posters of a figure known as â€Å"Big Brother† are seen all over and emphasize that he is always watching it’s citizens. The government enforces rules and regulations amongst it’s citizens, restricting them from giving their own opinion or even opposing the government. Thoughtcrime, face crime, and double think are all strictlyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841450 Words   |  6 PagesThose familiar with George Orwell’s â€Å"1984† will recall that â€Å"Newspeak was de signed not to extend but to diminish the range of thought.† I recently felt the weight of this Orwellian ethos when many of my students sent emails to inform me, and perhaps warn me, that my name appears on the Professor Watchlist, a new website created by a conservative youth group known as Turning Point USA. I could sense the gravity in those email messages, a sense of relaying what is to come. The Professor Watchlist’sRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841377 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious types of governments, such include democracy, oligarchy, and more specifically, totalitarian. A totalitarian government gains extensive amounts of control and power over all of their people, and dominate over every aspect of their lives. George Orwell’s â€Å"1984,† conveys to its readers how the government presented totalitarianism and obtained control over their citizens. This action by the government compares to the massacre of the Holocaust, which portrayed the act of totalitarianism by aiming discriminationRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841029 Words   |  5 Pages Imagine a world where everything you knew had to be forgotten, and you knew nothing more then what was being told to you. In George Orwell’s book 1984 this is exactly the case. Winston Smith, a m iddle aged man, lives a life already planned for him. Smith works at the Ministry of Truth rewriting the news and other articles to follow the teachings of Big Brother. Big Brother is the leader of Oceania, one of three world powers, and aims to rewrite the past to control the present. Oceania is separatedRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst civilizations of mankind, yet it is difficult find one that is perfect even till today. George Orwell shows an example of this within 1984. 1984 was written based on what Orwell thought the government would be like in 1984. He used his personal knowledge and experience with the government to create his story. The setting of 1984 is set in a superstate where there is a totalitarian government. Within 1984 and the 21st century one major key stands out: corruption rules both governments. Trust isRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1122 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom. A growing debate concerning Orwell’s 1984 relevancy is quickly on the rise. Orwell’s fear of a totalitarian society led him to write this book as he lived during the totalitarian movement in Russia. The fear of a totalitarian society spreading sparked his fear and wrote this book to make people understand that it is not beneficial to society. I feel that with the the National Security Agency in the United States, the issue and relevancy of 1984 has never been higher. The public is discoveringRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1608 Words   |  7 Pagespossibility of intrusion that makes one ask themselves, how close is our society to becoming one where every action is monitored? How close is the idea of western civilization to becoming a police state, such as in North Korea, or the one in George Orwell’s novel, ‘1984’? North American society is drifting towards becoming a police state at an ever increasing rate. This is shown in how North Americans are slowly losing their rights, the police force acting above the law, and the monitoring of citizens

Young Goodman Brown Essays - 644 Words

Young Goodman Brown An allegory is a narrative in which the characters and objects personify deeper meanings than what the reader can see on the surface. The allegorical meaning is the writer’s real purpose in writing the narrative so that a lesson can be found when reading below the surface. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a perfect example of an allegorical story and is filled with many symbolic elements. The story begins with Goodman Brown starting out on a journey. Hawthorne does not state what kind of journey or the purpose behind it. By the end of the story I saw it as a journey into Goodman Browns own mind, heart and soul rather than a literal journey. I feel this is the most significant†¦show more content†¦The pink ribbons worn by Faith symbolized the innocence of Goodman Brown’s faith. Pink is associated with being sweet, playful, and child like. It is when Goodman Brown sees the ribbons floating down from heaven that he knows he has lost his faith and that innocence has been tainted with evil. The staff symbolizes a type of deception of sin. The devil twice offers his staff to man. Once to Goodman Brown and then to Goody Cloyse. The devil deceives by offering his staff as a source of comfort an object to lean upon when Brown and Cloyse are tired and weary. Sometimes in life it is much easier to lean on the evil and take the path of least resistance rather than stand up for what is right and what we believe in. The forest is a classic symbol used in many stories. The forest is seen as dark, deceiving and a way to get lost. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the deeper Brown gets into the forest the more lost he becomes. He is separated from his faith and all he knows as good. The â€Å"hanging twig and the coldest dew† is one of my favorite symbols used in this story. This whole scene is full of imagery with the cold damp rock and the feeling of hopelessness in the air. The twig with the cold dew on it is what awakens Brown from his dream or vision. This is what makes him face the reality ofShow MoreRelatedYoung Goodman Brown1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn this extract from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism, imagery and point of view to depict Goodman Brown’s eventual journey from naivety in man’s purity of faith to recognition of man’s disposition to evil. It reveals Brown’s misplaced faith in man, who is deficient, instead of God. In the dialogue that ensues between the minister and Deacon Gookin, we learn of an impending meeting expecting participants hailing from â€Å"Falmouth and beyond... Indian powows† (HawthorneRead More Young Goodman Brown Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pages The main theme of the Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, â€Å" Young Goodman Brown,† is the struggle between Goodman Brown’s faith, power to resist his own evil impulses and his own doubts within him. It is a story of Young Goodman Brown’s personal conflict over his inner desires and its greater meaning conflict between good and evil in the world. The characteristics of Young Goodman Brown are similar to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne had his own doubts about his own Puritan life and beliefsRead MoreEssay on Young Goodman Brown769 Words   |  4 Pagesmain focus of the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne is the triumph of evil over good. A supposedly good man is tempted by evil and allows himself to be converted into a man of evil. This is much like the situation that arises in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, where two people are tempted to sin and give in thus submitting themselves to the power of the devil. In this novel, the area where the devil resides is strictly parallel to that in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsRead Moreyoung goodman brown Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesthe benefit of the afflicted†(5-6) and Young Goodman Brown, a fictional character created by Nathaniel Hawthorne, was written because a few male puritans wanted to publish a story to open up societies eyes and live in a more patriarchal society. Regardless of being a fictional character or a nonfiction, we get presented evidence in which both individuals experience problems that at the time the puritan society could relate too. While both Young Goodman Brown and Mary Rowlandson enter the forestRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery640 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery Symbolism Use In: Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery The authors, Shirley Jackson and Nathaniel Hawthorne, both frequently use symbols within their stories The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown. Symbols are utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the theme of each story. Hawthorne uses names and objects to enhance the theme, and Jackson mainly utilizes names to stress the theme, although she does have one object as a symbol of great importance to the themeRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown Analysis876 Words   |  4 PagesHawthorne’s story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† appears to be a story about original sin with a lot of symbolism tied in to make it an allegory. An allegory is a story that can be interpreted in different ways to find the hidden meaning behind the symbolism in the story. The three thing s focused on throughout the short story is Faith, the forest that Goodman Brown takes his journey through, and the staff, which the old man who leads Goodman Brown on his way carries. The short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† uses severalRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesYoung Goodman Brown: Good versus Evil Throughout Young Goodman Brown and other works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, the themes of sin and guilt constantly reoccur. Like many authors, Hawthorne used events in his life as a basis for the stories that he wrote. Hawthorne felt that ones guilt does not die with him/her but is rather passed down through the generations. Hawthornes great-great uncle was one of the judges during the Salem witchcraft trials. Hawthorne felt a great sense of guilt because ofRead MoreSummary Of Young Goodman Brown 1278 Words   |  6 PagesCharles F. Harris Kevin R. Martin ENG 102 T April 16, 2015 Young Goodman Brown Most people think that the majority of people walking the face of the earth are morally good with a few bad apples here and there. In the short story Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses setting, characters, and plot to show how everyone can be drawn out of their usual character when they are governed by their evil desires. In this story, Hawthorne uses setting to show how people that commit evil will try andRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Goodman Brown Goodman Browns actions in the story, Young Goodman Brown, are a key element to this storys theme. The author uses Goodman Browns movement in and out of the forest, as a method of symbolizing the theme of a symbolic journey into the depths of consciousness. As the hours of the night pass, Goodman Brown travels farther into the forest, and deeper into the depths of consciousness. This theme is present in many passages of the text. The story begins with the line, YoungRead MoreAnalysis Of Young Goodman Brown 1285 Words   |  6 PagesPerceiÃŽ ½ed through the archetypal lens, the short story, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne asserts the uniÃŽ ½ersal idea that eÃŽ ½il lurks within eÃŽ ½ery man. Taken as a whole, the work conÃŽ ½eys that humanity can easily fall ÃŽ ½ictim to innate selfish instincts as well as society’s damaging influences. The main character, Young Goodman Brown, treks on a journey that challenges him to uphold his innocence and his belief in a decent mankind as he discoÃŽ ½ers corruption in people. The allegory—a story

Attributes of Entrepreneurship-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a new business and the person starting this business is known as an entrepreneur (Kirzner, 2015). Entrepreneurship breeds on innovation and it is pivotal for the growth and development of any economy. This is precisely why various governments provide subsidies and tax benefits to new businesses in order to promote and support their growth. Through this course, I learnt about various attributes of entrepreneurship. The entire curriculum has been effectively designed and has helped me gain a deeper insight about entrepreneurship in practice. Getting funding One of the most crucial aspects of starting a new business is arranging funds that are required for the business (Drucker, 2014). Through this course, I have learnt that it is important to gather the finances in the early stages of a business in order to be prepared for unforeseen situations that the business might encounter. Often, there are various sources of personal financing that are available to entrepreneurs but more often than not, entrepreneurs need to prepare themselves for raising debt or equity financing through professional lenders. This is largely important for the business to function effectively and to be able to accomplish organizational goals defined by the entrepreneur. The most challenging aspect about this topic was the idea of attracting investors and being able to sell the idea to these investors. Such a process needs to have immense faith on the project as well as in depth knowledge about the same. It requires the ability to market the idea to the investors who have genuine faith in the business idea. I would like to explore the process behind evaluating how much funding is essentially required for a new business and what are the costs that the entrepreneur needs to consider while finalizing the funding requirements of the business. Unique Marketing Issues Marketing the new business and ensuring that the business reaches the right customers is very crucial for the growth of the business. This is why marketing plays an important role in business management. Through this course, I have learnt that it is important for entrepreneurs to define their customer segments and mold their offerings to suit these customer needs. Target market refers to the set of customers whose needs the business aims to fulfill (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker Brennan, 2015). I have learnt that the markets are first divided into various segments like geography, demography, age, income groups or even lifestyle. Once the segments have been finalized, selected customers from these segments are then targeted by the business. I have also learnt the importance of marketing and setting the right positioning in the minds of consumers. Positioning is the image that the brand holds in the minds of its consumers (Schlegelmilch, 2016). Building the right positioning strategy is in my opinion, one of the challenging aspects of a new business. It requires innovation, creativity and new strategies with the changing consumer demographics. I would like to explore the 4Ps theory that we have learnt further. I have tried to apply the theory and identify the 4 Ps of marketing for various leading organizations. However, I would like to take it a step further and also learn about 7Ps of marketing. Challenges of growth Every business would face a certain amount of challenges. However, it is important for a business to remain prepared for various challenges and possess the ability to deal with them as and when they arise. Through this course, I learnt the common reasons why firms pursue growth. These reasons include increased sales, higher salaries for employees, increasing globalization and even increased prestige or goodwill in the market. In the duration of this course, I have also learnt that a business grows in various stages. As an entrepreneur, it is important to be able to deal with the problems associated with every stage. Every stage poses a unique challenge for the entrepreneur and it is of utmost importance that the entrepreneur is able to tackle the challenge as and when it arises. One challenging aspect of the course was to identify the challenges of firm growth owing to moral hazards. I found difficulty in understanding that as an entrepreneur how I will be able to prepare myself for a moral hazard. This was one of the most difficult units of the course. However, I learnt various new things through this unit as well. There are a lot of topics that I would like to explore further. I would like to understand the ways of forecasting the challenges that a business might face. I would also like to explore the strategies that firms adopt in order to be able to prepare themselves for the challenges that might arise. Strategies for firm growth Growth is very important for any new business. If a business is not growing and remains stagnant for a long period of time, then it starts declining. This is because of the increasing competition faced by new businesses. There are various strategies adopted by businesses for their growth including penetrating into new markets, introducing new products, diversifying, international expansions as well as mergers acquisitions (Keller, 2017). It is important for entrepreneurs to define the strategy that they would adopt for their business to grow. This depends on various factors including available resources, existing competition, growth opportunities and even targeted customer base. I have learnt that different organizations adopt different strategies as per their respective goals and available resources (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes, 2015). What I found challenging in this unit is the idea of evaluating every strategy adopted by the firm. I found it difficult to understand that if any business is able to execute either of the strategies then what the factors are involved in identifying the best strategy out of many. I would also like to explore how internal strategies and external strategies of any firm differ and what are the advantages associated with all of them. Through this course, I have also learnt that the selection of an appropriate growth strategy by the firm is highly crucial for the success of the strategy adopted. Franchising Franchising is a marketing concept which is adopted by various organizations as a business expansion and growth strategy. I have learnt that franchising is an agreement between two parties where the franchiser licenses its business knowledge, model, brand name, logo and intellectual property associated by the business to the second party in exchange of a fixed fee. The franchiser gives the franchisee the right to sell products and services to consumers after finalizing various aspects of the franchise agreement. Various organizations have adopted the franchising strategy in order to reach out to customers. This is specifically beneficial in international expansion of a business. Through this course, I have learnt various advantages and disadvantages of the franchise. The franchisees biggest advantage is that the business model is tried and tested (Lawrence, Pietrafesa Kaufmann, 2017). The model has been a success and hence the intellectual knowledge required is relatively lesser. Similarly, the brand is already well known and hence marketing efforts are reduced to a significant extent with the franchise model. But on the other hand, there are a lot of restrictions faced as it is impossible for the franchisee to experiment new things which leads to a rigid business framework. What I found challenging in this unit is exactly how do entrepreneurs define the terms of the agreement of a franchisee model of business. I found it difficult to understand the problems or risks associated with the franchisee model. What happens if the franchisee or the franchisor are unhappy with the collaboration and who ultimately holds the right to demolish the contract and on what grounds? Conclusion Entrepreneurship is pivotal for the growth and development of any economy. Entrepreneurship introduces new businesses in the economy, generates business and in the longer run improves lifestyle of people by introducing new products and services. Entrepreneurs try to identify a gap in the economy and consumer needs and work towards fulfilling that gap (Burns, 2016). There are various important aspects associated with starting a new business that I learnt through this course. Overall the curriculum is effectively designed and the topics covered are helpful for future entrepreneurs. I have learnt many things like the concepts of market segmentation, targeting and positioning. I have also learnt the importance of growth (both internal and external) in an organization. At the same time, I have learnt about various strategies that businesses adopt for their growth and development. These have been highly helpful and I am sure these learning would help me in my future endeavors References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Burns, P., 2016.Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan Limited. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Keller, K.L., 2017. Managing the growth tradeoff: Challenges and opportunities in luxury branding. InAdvances in Luxury Brand Management(pp. 179-198). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Lawrence, B., Pietrafesa, C. and Kaufmann, P.J., 2017. 6. Exploring the growth of multi-unit franchising.Handbook of Research on Franchising, p.94. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management(pp. 978-3658078836). Springer. Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy (pp. 63-82). Springer, Cham.

Sexual transmitted diesease free essay sample

The Queens School Preface Question Rationale Introduction Conditions that slaves worked under in British plantation slavery Description Of the slaves trade as it occurred in Africa,the middle passage and the west Indies Punishments Conclusion Appendix Bibliography What evidence is there to prove that the Africans in the 1655 and 1807 were ill-treated who arrived in the British West Indies? The researchers choose this topic of research because further investigation was needed to be done on the Africans between the hearsays and 1 807 who ere ill-treated.It was comprised in various sectors to arrive to one goal, which was to make a profit on the slaves no matter what. Slavery was nothing to adore because it only wrought bitterness for slaved individuals Jose Marti a poetic philosopher and journalist in one his writing. Hatred slavery inevitable after math. The hinterlands of West Africa was where it started and it followed through with a lot of suffering and peril before finally ending in catastrophe for the planters and initial exculpation for the slaves and slavery was an interesting period in the British west Indian history. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual transmitted diesease or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will educate you about the conditions under which slaves produced the various crops in the British West Indies. The horrible treatments of slaves will be forever engraved in the history books. The obvious effects have been past down to generations and have been expressed through racist evil behaviors. The hatred spread down through generations like wildfires on a hot summer day in a wild bush. The evils of slavery were so major that the half could never have been told. But how all this ill-treatment come to a head, was out of the want for anew labor source in the Sugar Revolution.Planters wanted to invest in free labor and did not care as much about the black workers as they did the work they yielded. This low-cost, high efficiency production, when finally achieved would have made them rich and could even secure their place somewhere in the European aristocracy. Taking the slaves as personal property, planters used and abused them in the most despicable ways possible. The slaves also fought back, but not ever in a British Colony, were slaves successful in a resistant action against planters. When slaves slipped up or fought back, the real wrath of the planters was unleashed. The punishments for certain simple mistakes were horrible and just furthered the already atrocious conditions under which these individuals tried to survive. Spain ruled over most of the islands until around 1655, when the British took over some. The change in power also resulted in a change in-laws, and thus slave laws. The evil had just started since the La Site Parties (Spanish Laws) were more compassionate in their approach to the dealing with the slaves than the police Laws of the British (developed between 1662 and 1705). After the takeover of the islands by the British, the Slave Trade continued until 807.Because of the trade, planters found it easy to replace slaves and thus could treat them anyway they liked. After the trade, the hope of the abolitionists was not made any better as the planters realized that buying was not really important as long as the slaves reproduced, because the children would be property of the planters. The different methods of punishments continued and were upgraded time after time in order to keep slaves in order. Some of these included whipping, being put in the stocks and being put in the plantations hospital.Slave revolts and risings were ever anticipated because man simply wasnt made to live without freedom and would generally fight anyone who tries to contravene such a right. In these slaves cases, there were no rights such as freedom which belonged to them, because the color of bond slavery was black. The death rates for black slaves in these islands were higher than birth rates. The decrease averaged about 3 percent per year in Jamaica and 4 percent a year in the smaller islands. The main causes for this were overwork and malnutrition. Slaves worked from sun up to sun down in harsh conditions.They were supervised under demanding masters, who gave them little deiced care. Slaves also had poor living conditions and consequently they contracted many diseases. The diary of slave owner Thomas Thistle wood of Jamaica details the extreme violence against slaves, and constitutes important historical documentation of the conditions for Caribbean slaves. Conditions under which slaves were recruited in West Africa and then shipped to the West Indies were not much different in character from the conditions under which they existed on the sugar plantations.Recruitment promoted inter-tribal jealously, strife and war among Africans encouraged by profit-seeking Europeans. The brutal ruthlessness of the inhuman traffic in human beings was symbolized by the slaves forts and factories with their inevitable barracudas. The misery in Africa was continued in the Atlantic crossing where fears of the unknown death my disease on overcrowded slaves ships and continuous attempts at suicide were among the most outstanding features. Conditions under which slaves lived and worked were harsh.They labored unremittingly with inadequate food, clothing, housing and medical care, and with severe restrictions placed on their freedom of movement. Slaves automatically reverted to the bottom of the social research and their inferior position was written into discriminatory legislation. Conditions under slaves existed attracted the attention various groups Of humanitarians in Europe who waited for an end to both the slave trade and slavery. The debates be;en the supporters and opponents of slavery were long and bitter.England the e victory of the opponents of slavery was marked by the abolition of the slaves trade in 1808 and after vain attempt to secure the improvement of harsh slaves conditions by the emancipation o f slaves in 1834. The Middle Passage did not begin with the transatlantic voyage, but with the future and sale of Africans, and ended with their forced adjustment to life in the Americas. It is one of history most horrific chapters, showing the human capacity for both cruelty and insensitivity and strength and survival.It is difficult to calculate the numbers of Africans that were transported; estimates have ranged from five million to 30 million. Further millions died during capture and on the journey across the Atlantic. History has seen few social disruptions on such a scale. Africans being forced below deck before transportation to the Caribbean and Americas. O Anti-Slavery International The voyage itself took between 6 and 8 weeks. The enslaved Africans were chained together by the hand and the foot, and packed into the smallest places where there was barely enough room to lie on ones side.It was here that they ate, slept, urinated, defecated, gave birth, went insane and died. They had no idea where they were going, or what was going to happen to them. Through all this misery and suffering, new African identities were created, forming a basis for a new transnational culture. Within these ships, Africans from different countries, regions, cultures and with different engages learned to communicate with each other; many conspired to overthrow their captors together.British eyewitness accounts were used to support the anti-slavery campaign. Alexander Balconied, a former slave ships surgeon wrote his Account of Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa in 1 788 which described the loss of life, the state of the holds below deck, and how some severely depressed Africans willed themselves to die: A woman was dejected from t he moment she came on board, and refused both food and medicine; being asked by the interpreter what she wanted, she replied nothing but to die, and she did IEEE. View of the Deck of the Slave Ship Alfonzo by Lieutenant Francis Emanuel, 1846 0 The Atlantic Slave Trade and Slave Life in the Americas: A Visual Record fife aboard the slave ships The life aboard the slave ships was generally hard and brutal. The slaves were stripped of every bit of dignity they had, and were subject to ill-treatment and punishment. The slaves were stowed below deck barely being able to move, and a lack of ventilation and sanitation facilities made the living conditions nearly unbearable.Taken from their homeland Slavery did exist long before the arrival of the Europeans; however the benefiting of slavery in Africa was very different from the European and American. In Africa slaves were generally a symbol of honor, and the slaves did have a lot of rights, among these were the right to marry and to own property, and they had normal legal rights. In addition, many of the Africans who were taken from their homeland most likely had extensive skills which were suppresse d when they were taken to America, and when they were forced to do one specific task, not being able to ever put their skills to use.The slaves were subject to brutal treatment with hard labor, lack of respect and beatings. The Middle Passage was the most recognized route in the transatlantic trade. Even though the Middle Passage itself was horrible and the slaves lived under inhuman conditions throughout the entire journey, the biggest threat was not always the journey itself, but the loading of the slaves in the African ports. As soon as the slaves were aboard the slave ships many would fully realize that they were going to be taken far away from their homeland, and violence would often break out even before the ships had left the port.More than once slaves would experience having to wait for the ships to set out towards open sea. Often they had to wait aboard the Slavers for the traders to buy more slaves. Aboard the ships the slaves were forced to live in chains constantly, because of the fear that they would try to escape or urge rebellions if they were allowed to move around freely. Along the African coast African slave traders also built trading post and slave forts, where slaves were kept capti ve, often in dark and filthy dungeons, waiting for the African traders to sell them on to European and American slave traders. Tight packers and loose packers Aboard the slave ships the slaves were stowed below deck like pieces of goods. There were two different ways the captain aboard a slave ship could pack the slaves. The slave ships could either be tight packers or loose packers, depending upon how many slaves were crammed below deck. Whether a slave ship was a tight-packer or a loose packer was generally a question of economy what was most profitable?It was believed that by given the slaves better food, a certain amount Of liberty and more space the death rate, which generally was very high, would go down, and the captain could in fact receive a better price for the slaves in the Caribbean, because the slaves were in a better condition. However, the supporters of tight packing answered by saying that even though the death rate might be a bit lower and that the slaves generally might be at better health upon arriving in the Caribbean on loose packers, tight packing would be more profitable and safer.Sla ves showing signs of starvation and who needed to be fattened up, or with wounds which needed to be hidden, could be fixed In slaves yards before the slaves were offered for sale on slave markets. Tight packers believed that by tight packing they would be more certain of a good profit, because even though a lot Of slaves might IEEE, they still would have more than enough left. The disagreement about which of the methods of packing slaves were the most profitable, continued as long as the trade itself.However, from the 17th century and onwards most slave ships were tight packers. The profit on each slave, no matter the state the slave arrived in, was so high that most captains loaded his ship to its most capacity and became tight packers. In most slave ships the slaves were stowed on shelves which were usually less than half a meter high, and therefore the slaves could not sit up. In some cases they would be stored spoon-fashion on top of each other.The slaves were chained together which further limited their ability to move and any attempt to move would either hurt themselves or others. On some ships the women and children were allowed to move about the slave deck freely, however, the men were as good as always chained. Sometimes the captain could allow some men to be freed from the chains, if they did not seem to pose a threat to the crew. The slaves were sometimes left below deck for days at a time, denied food, drink or any exercise, because of bad weather.The slaves were chained together the right foot of one shackled to the left tot of another or chained to the deck by their neck and legs. They had less than no space to move, and were often so tightly packed that they could not move without touching another slave. When slaves died they were often left where they were, and therefore it was not uncommon to find slaves chained to a dead or dying slave. The slaves mostly lived in ignorance throughout the entire journey. They did not understand why they had been taken from their homeland and they had no idea about where they were headed. In addition they did not understand the slave traders language, and frustration would clearly run high, when heir pleas for information from the slave traders probably would be met with laughter on their behalf. The slaves did not know how long this voyage was going to last if it would ever end and had no idea about what were going to happen to them upon the arrival in their new Country. More than a few thought that the Europeans were cannibals, because they had never see anyone ever return when taken away on a slave ship, and therefore this thought was as natural to many as anything else.Aloud Equation, an African captured as a boy who later wrote an autobiography, recalled: nine I looked mound the ship too and saw a large furnace of copper boiling, and a multitude of black people of every description chained together, every one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, no longer doubted of my fate and quite overpowered with horror and anguish, I fell motionless on th e deck and fainted. I asked if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces and long hair? As mentioned before slavery did exist in Africa and the slaves taken aboard transatlantic slave ships, might have had knowledge about slavery. However, the slaves could not possibly have had knowledge about or understood the reattempt they were subject to on European and American slave ships. The lack of knowledge together with the cruel and inhuman living condition aboard many slave ships must have been complete torture. Daily routines aboard the slave ships In periods with good weather, the slaves on most slave ships would be brought up on deck in the mornings.Normally the women and children would be allowed to move freely around the deck. The men would be chained together, because it was commonly believed that they would be the ones that would cause violence and resistance. During the day the slaves received two meals the first one was generally early in the mornings. The slaves were normally fed differently depending on where in Africa they had been taken aboard the slave ship. The slave traders believed that the slaves would stay healthier and that they would avoid rebellions if the slaves were given food they were familiar with.Some slaves would be fed boiled rice, millet or cornmeal; others stewed yams, while others again would be fed manic, cassava flour or banana-like fruits. On rare occasion a few pieces of meat would be thrown into the slaves ; food, to keep them healthy. In the afternoons the slaves would be given their second meal of the day. This al normally differed from and was often worse than the first one. The meal usually consisted of horse bean, which are large beans which were used to feed horses. The beans were boiled and served with a mixture of flour, water and palm oil, and Cayenne pepper or other spices were added to conceal the taste of the horse beans. To ensure a good price for the slaves upon arrival in the Caribbean the captain had to keep the slaves in relatively good physical condition, so to achieve this the slaves were danced every morning on deck. The slaves were forced to jump up and down and dance, something which was extremely manful for the men who were still chained together.The dancing was normally accompanied by poundings on an African drum or iron kettle, and sometimes by a fiddle or an African banjo. Rebellions Rebellions and other forms of protest did occur though they were rare, and were usually quickly and easily put down. The slaves, weakened by the lack of food and water and by the terrible condition in which they lived, stood very little chance against the crew which were stronger and had weapons such as rifles and pistols to use against the slave s. A numerous amount of slaves were killed is such riots. The slaves, on the other hand, would make weapons out of their shackles and chains, and other objects they might get their hands on, and attempt to hurt or kill crew members. However, this was very rare and most slaves did not succeed and were killed. SLAVES TRADING AREAS IN WASTEWATER PUNISHMENTS Whenever slaves were accused of doing wrong they were punished either immediately or after their court hearing. In the courts, a slave accused of any crime against a white person was doomed. No testimony could be made by a slave against a white person.Therefore, the slaves side Of the story could never be told in a court of law. And of course, slaves were never members of juries as well. The punishment varied on the type of charge and the zone where they resided (rural or urban). Punishments for disobeying colonialists, (according to data from records kept on numerous plantations) differed between men and women. When male slaves were punished, they received on average 15 to 20 stripes from the driver (slave who was given whip to direct other worker slaves), or by a Jimmy Jumped (a slave randomly appointed by the driver to use the whip).Common punishment for women included varied period of time in the stocks, solitary confinement and even whipping. Whipping was finally abandoned for females in the late 1 asss. The punishment for Caribbean slave women was generally less physically demanding than that of Caribbean slave men. If a planter had a slave who was always running away, he was allowed to fit him with an iron yoke that had three long hooks projecting from it to hinder his future escapes. Some slaves were forced to hide meat in their cabins.If the planter discovered that the slave was stealing food rations, he is directed to cut off the culprits ear or brand the letter S in his/her forehead or cheek. Any enslaved person was put to death if found guilty Of committing serious offences or even suspected of doing so: for example plotting slave risings. The occupational hazards of the work of the slaves were enormous. The men were the main victims, because of the diversity of their occupations, especially in the manufacturing process and transportation.Kuhn (a physician) made a special study of the dangers inherent in the tasks of the field slaves. The heaviest work they had to perform was digging trenches (particularly when the soil was very dry). Hernia and other back problems could be the result. Turning the soil was done with a hoe and caused strong droning in the chest, especially harmful for the women. Pounding coffee and ginning cotton produced clouds of dust, which could lead to damage of the lungs. Furthermore, cotton was ginned on a small machine that had to be propelled by foot: this labor makes the negro stiff.Carrying heavy loads on the back could cause parolees in the groin. Cutting grass and picking weeds was done in an uncomfortable position which in the long run also insults the breast and the arm. The sugar mill was a den of dangers. It was open to two or three sides, so the cool night air had free entry and the heating slaves could catch pneumonia and other respiratory troubles. Some sugar boilers slipped and fell into the hot liker, getting burned horribly.Rowing was a very tiring work that the slaves often had to perform continuously for six or more hours. The only occupation conductive to both physical and mental health was lumbering: the Negroes of the timber grounds distinguish themselves by stronger muscle power and a freer attitude from the rest of the Negro population. Pregnancy was the greatest source of danger for the women, but (as Bloom claimed) not because of the fact that on many plantations they were not pared hard work when expecting.He had observed that on several plantations there is an old habit, that as soon as a woman is pregnant, she does not have to go to work; and on other plantations [there] is a no less old habit, that they may stay in their houses a considerable time after delivery . But one has manifold experiences, that on the plantations where they have to work until the last day of their pregnancy, they suffer from fits or difficult deliveries the least; and that (extraordinary circumstances excepted) they can go back to work four weeks after their delivery. This is in tune with the myth f the easy childbirth, with which African women were supposedly blessed. With experts believing this, it is no wonder that many slave women had a difficult time. The plantation midwives, convinced of their superior knowledge, firmly resisted any interference and many women died promulgate fever due to their lack of hygiene. The Spaniards first tried the native Indians as laborers but when these proved inadequate turned to Negro labor other Europeans at first tried Europeans indentured laborers but when these could not be obtained in sufficient numbers they had recourse to negro Africans also.Negroes were employed as slaves. Slavery had a profound effect upon west Indian society. It led to the emergence of various social groups the whites, the free Negroes and free closured and slaves based on qualities of color wealth and education. Within each group there were further subdivisions. The free Negroes and free closured and slaves occupied inferior social positions and theyre denied equal political and economic privileges to the whites. The living and working conditions of slaves in particular were bad. Food and clothing were inadequate and housing was far below the standards of those longing to the whites.

Apartheid in South Africa

Apartheid in South Africa Introduction South Africa is one of the countries with rich and fascinating history in the world. It is regarded as the most developed state in Africa and among the last to have an elected black president towards the end of the 20th century. Besides its rich history, the South African state has abundant natural resources, fertile farms and a wide range of minerals including gold.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Apartheid in South Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country is the world’s leading miner of diamonds and gold with several metal ores distributed around the country like platinum (Rosmarin Rissik, 2004). South Africa experiences a mild climate that resembles that of San Francisco bay. With its geographical location and development, South Africa is one of the most accessible African countries. All these factors contribute to South Africa’s global prominence, especially before and after the reign of its first black President, Nelson Mandela in 1994. However, these alone do not add up to what the country’s history. In fact, South Africa’s history sounds incomplete without the mention of Apartheid, a system that significantly shaped and transformed the country in what it is today. Without apartheid, many argue that South Africa would have probably been a different country with unique ideologies, politics and overall identity. In other words, apartheid greatly affected South Africa in all spheres of a country’s operation. From segregation to all forms of unfairness, apartheid system negatively affected South Africans and the entire country (Pfister, 2005). On the other hand, some people argue that apartheid positively affected South Africa in countless ways. This essay gives a detailed coverage of the issue of apartheid in South Africa and its impact to the economy, politics and social life of South Africans. To achieve this task, the analysis is divided into useful sections, which give concise and authentic information concerning the topic. Up to date sources were consulted in researching the topic to ensure that data and information used in describing the concept is up to date, from reputable and recommended authors.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among important segments of the essay include but not limited to the literature review, history, background information and recommendations. Research questions In addressing the issue of Apartheid in South Africa, this essay intends to provide answers to the following questions: What was apartheid system? What are the factors that led to the apartheid system? What were the negative effects of the apartheid system? What were the positive effects of the apartheid system? Why was it necessary to end apartheid in South Africa? Literature Review Apartheid in South Africa is one of the topics which have received massive literature coverage even after the end of the regime. Most of the documented information describes life before 1994 and what transpired after Nelson Mandela took leadership as the first black African President of the state. This segment, therefore, explores the concept concerning what authors, scholars and researchers have recorded in books, journals and on websites as expounded in the following analytical sections. Apartheid in South Africa Apartheid refers to a South African system that propagated racial discrimination imposed between 1948 and 1994 by National Party regimes. During this period of decades, the rights of the majority â€Å"blacks† were undermined as white minority settlers maintained their supremacy and rule through suppressive tactics. Apartheid was primarily developed after the Second World War by the Broederbond and Afrikaner organizations and was extended to other parts of South West Africa, currently known as Namibia until it became an independent state four years before the end of apartheid. According to Allen 2005, discrimination of black people in South Africa began long before apartheid was born during the colonial era. In his survey, Allen noted that apartheid was ratified after the general election which was held in 1948.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Apartheid in South Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new legislation that the governments adopted classified all South African inhabitants into four groups based on their racial identity (Allen, 2005). These groups were Asians, whites, natives and colored. This led to all manners of segregation that ensured complete distinction among these groups, achieved through forced displacement of the oppressed groups without necessarily thinking about their rights. The practice continued throughout the period, reaching heightened moments when non-whites were depriv ed of political representation in 1970, the year when blacks were denied citizenship right causing them to become members of Bantustans who belonged to self-governing homes (Allen, 2005). Besides residential removal and displacement, other forms of discrimination dominated in public institutions like education centers, hospitals and beaches among other places which were legally meant for everybody regardless of their skin color, gender or country of origin. In rare cases where black accessed these services, they were provided with inferior options as compared to what whites received (Allen, 2005). As a result, there was significant violence witnessed across the country, accompanied by internal resistance from people who believed that they were being exploited and languishing in poverty at the expense of white minorities. Consequently, the country suffered trade embargoes as other countries around the world distanced themselves from South African rule as a way of condemning it and ra ising their voices in support for those who were considered less human in their own country. Overwhelmed by the desire for equality, South Africa witnessed countless uprisings and revolts, which were welcomed with imprisoning of political and human rights activists who were strongly opposed to the apartheid rule. Banning of opposition politics was also adopted in order to suppress leaders who believed in justice for humanity (Edwards Hecht, 2010). As violence escalated around the country, several state organizations responded by sponsoring violence and increasing the intensity of oppression.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The peak of apartheid opposition was in 1980s when attempts to amend apartheid legislation failed to calm black people forcing President Frederik Willem de Klerk to enter into negotiations with black leaders to end apartheid in 1990. The culmination of the negotiations was in 1994 when a multi-racial and democratic election was held with Nelson Mandela of African National Congress emerging the winner and the first black president in South Africa (Edwards Hecht, 2010). Although apartheid ended more than a decade ago, it is important to note its impact and ruins are still evident in South Africa. Background Information Segregation took shape in the Union of South Africa in order to suppress the black people’s participation in politics and economic life. White rulers believed that the only way of maintaining their rule was to ensure that black people do not have opportunities to organize themselves into groups that would augment their ability to systematize themselves and fight back for their rights. However, despite these efforts, black people in South Africa became integrated into the economic and industrial society than any other group of people in Africa during the 20th century (Edwards Hecht, 2010). Clerics, educations and other professionals grew up to be key players as the influence of blacks sprouted with Mission Christianity significantly influencing the political landscape of the union. Studying in abroad also played a major role as blacks gained the momentum to fight for their rights as the move received support from other parts of the world (Burger, 2011). There were continuous attempts from the government to control and manipulate black people through skewed policies, which were aimed at benefiting whites at the expense of the majority. The year 1902 saw the formation of the first political organization by Dr Abdurrahman which was mainly based in Cape Province. However, the formation of the African National Congress in 1912 was a milestone a s it brought together traditional authorities, educationists and Christian leaders (Burger, 2011). Its initial concern was defined by constitutional protests as its leaders demanded recognition and representation of the blacks. Efforts by union workers to form organizations for the purpose of voicing their concerns were short-lived as their efforts were short down by white authorities. This led to strikes and militancy, which was experienced throughout 1920s. The formation of the Communist Party proved to be a force to last as it united workers’ organizations and non-racialism individuals (Beinart Dubow, 1995). Segregation of blacks was also witnessed in job regulations as skilled job opportunities remained reserved for white people. The introduction of pass-laws further aimed at restricting African mobility thus limiting their chances of getting organized. These laws were also designed to have all blacks participate in forced labor as they did not have a clear channel to ai r their views. According to historic findings, all these efforts were inclined towards laying the foundation for apartheid in later years. Noteworthy, there were divisions among whites as they differed with regard to certain ideologies and stances. For instance, they could not agree on their involvement in First World War I as the National Party dislodged from the South African Party (Beinart Dubow, 1995). Conversely, allocation of skilled jobs to whites targeted high productivity from people who had experience while pass-laws prevented aimless movement. Labor issues continued to emerge through organized strikes though these efforts were constantly thwarted by the government using brutal and inhumane ways like seclusion of migrant residential houses using compounds. Miners also protested against low payment and poor living standards, conditions which promoted hostility between black and white labor forces, culminating into a bloody rebellion in 1922 (Beinart Dubow, 1995). Intensif ied discrimination against blacks mounted to serve the interests of white rulers through reinforcement of the unfair government policies and employment bar in certain areas like the railway and postal service to address the infamous â€Å"poor-white problem†. The world depression of early 1930s led to the union of major white parties which was closely followed by the breakaway by a new Afrikaner led by Dr. DF Malan. The entrenchment of the white domination led to the elimination of Africans from the voters’ role in 1936 (Burger, 2011). These continued up to the end of the Second World War when the government intensified segregation rules in 1948 that led to the conception and birth of Apartheid in South Africa. Desmond Tutu against Apartheid As mentioned above, Mission Christianity played a major role in the fight against apartheid and restoration of justice in South Africa. This saw several leaders rise to the limelight as they emerged to be the voice of the voiceless in the South African State. One of these Christian leaders was Archbishop Desmond Tutu who has remained in the history of South Africa, featuring prominently in the reign of apartheid (BBC, 2010). He is well known worldwide for his anti-apartheid role and for boldly speaking for the blacks. He served a very important role, especially during the entire time when Nelson Mandela was serving his prison term making him nominated for the highly coveted and prestigious Nobel Peace Prize award in 1984 for his relentless anti-apartheid efforts. This was a real implication that the world had not only observed Tutu’s efforts but also raised its voice against the discriminatory rule in South Africa. After Nelson Mandela was elected democratically in 1984, he appointed Archbishop Desmond Tutu to steer the South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission which was mandated to investigate all forms of crimes committed by blacks and whites during the whole period of apartheid. Alth ough Tutu was a teacher by training, he dropped the career after the adoption of the Bantu Education Act in 1953 (BBC, 2010). The act was meant to extend apartheid to black schools around the country, causing several schools to close down due to lack of finances after the government discontinued subsidized programs for those that did not comply. To confirm and affirm that apartheid was not the best regime option in South Africa, Desmond Tutu was highly influenced by white clergymen like Bishop Trevor Huddleston, who strongly opposed the idea of racial discrimination that was being propagated by the white government (BBC, 2010). Although he was closely involved in active politics, he remained focused on religious motivation, arguing that racialism was not the will of God, and that it was not to live forever. His appointment as the head of the Anglican church in 1986 did not deter him from fighting apartheid as he risked being jailed after he called the public to boycott municipal ele ctions that were held in 1988. He welcomed President FW De Klerk’s reforms in 1989, which included the release of the one who was later to become the first black president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela and the reinstatement of the African National Congress (BBC, 2010). Nelson Mandela against Apartheid Nelson Mandela is regarded as a key player in the fight against apartheid in South Africa as he led black people together with other activists to publicly denounce and condemn the discriminatory regimes of the time. As a way of demonstrating his dissatisfaction and criticism of apartheid, Mandela publicly burnt his â€Å"pass†. All blacks were required to carry their passes as the government prohibited the movement of people to other districts (Atlas College, 2011). While working with ANC, Mandela’s involvement in anti-apartheid efforts was increased as he realized the need to have active resistance in dealing with apartheid. He was severally charged with treason and acquitted although in 1964, Mandela was life imprisoned a move that was considered to be ill-motivated to maintain the white rule supremacy. He continued his fight while in prison as his message penetrated every village and district in the country. Although he acted together with like-minded people, Nelson Mandela’s name stands high as the leader of the anti-apartheid campaign which culminated in his election as the first black president of South Africa in 1994 (Atlas College, 2011). Opposing opinion Although apartheid was highly condemned and still receives high-charged criticism, some people view it from a different perspective. Did apartheid have any benefit to the people of South Africa and to the nation at large? Apart from propagating injustices across the country, apartheid is one of the economic drivers of South Africa with some of the policies and strategies used during that time still under active implementation by the government. For instance, the Reconstructi on and Development Programme (RDP) was orchestrated by ANC and served as the core platform during the elections that were held in 1994 (Lundahl Petersson, 2009). The programme focused on improvement of infrastructure, improvement of housing facilities, free schooling, sharing of land to the landless, clean water and affordable health facilities among others. This led to the improvement of social amenities in the country. RDP also continued financing the budget revenue. It therefore suffices to mention that those who support apartheid base their argument on the status of the country after 1994 when subsequent governments chose to adopt some strategies from apartheid to drive the reconstruction agenda (Lundahl Petersson, 2009). As one of the leading economies in Africa, some of the institutions, factories and companies which were established during apartheid significantly contribute to development in the country. Even though new plans have been adopted, majority have their foundatio ns rocked on apartheid. As a result of these development initiatives, a lot has changed in South Africa. There has been substantive economic growth augmented by several factors which relate to apartheid (Lundahl Petersson, 2009). Improved living standards among South Africans cannot also be ignored in any discussion of apartheid. Many jobs have been created for the skilled people who never found an opportunity to work when the regime was at its operational peak. South Africa also prides on some of the most prestigious learning institutions in the region which are highly ranked on the world list. It therefore suffices to mention that apartheid had several advantages which cannot be overshadowed by its disadvantages. Against Apartheid Despite the advantages of apartheid discussed above, there is no doubt that the system negatively impacted South Africans in a myriad of ways. From undermining of human rights to promotion of hostility and violence among residents, there is enough evide nce to condemn the regime. It affected several social structures people were not allowed to freely intermarry and interact. This was coupled with limited expression rights as they were believed not to have rights. Movement was highly restricted as black people were to walk with passes and restricted to move within one district. Additionally, forceful evacuation was a norm as black people never owned land and houses permanently (Burger, 2011). What about employment? Many skilled jobs were strictly reserved for whites as black people survived on manual duties with little or no pay. This contributed to low living standards and inability to meet their needs, manifested through labor strikes which were continuously witnessed in several organizations. Consequently, violence escalated with police brutality hitting high levels and several people losing their lives as others spent the rest of their lives in jail. It was a system that needed more condemnation than just protesting in order to allow justice to prevail (Pfister, 2005). Conclusion Apartheid in South Africa is one of the most outstanding in the history of the country with millions of people with painful and remarkable memories. With its culmination in 1994 democratic elections which saw Nelson Mandela rise to power, the regime had severe negative effects, which necessitated the need to end it and pave the way for a fair nation that respects humanity regardless of skin color, ethnicity, country of origin and gender (Pfister, 2005). Based on the above analysis, it is important for a number of lessons to be learnt from it. World leaders need to establish and implement leadership mechanisms that would prevent recurrence of apartheid in South Africa or in other parts of the world. To the millions who suffered under rule, reconciliation efforts are essential in allowing them to accept themselves and move on with life as they mingle with thousands of white settlers who continue owning parcels of land in the country . It should however to be forgotten that apartheid was important in transforming South Africa into what it is today. From factories and infrastructure to a stable economy, it had lifetime merits that ought to be acknowledged throughout in history. References Allen, J. (2005). Apartheid South Africa: An Insiders Overview of the Origin and Effects of Separate Development. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse. Atlas College. (2011). Nelson Mandela and Apartheid. Atlas College. Web. BBC. (2010). Profile: Archbishop Desmond Tutu. BBC News. Web. Beinart, W., Dubow, S. (1995). Segregation and apartheid in twentieth-century South Africa. London: Routledge. Burger, D. (2011). History. South African Government Information. Web. Edwards, P., Hecht, G. (2010). History and the Techno politics of Identity: The Case of Apartheid South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 36(3), p. 619-639. Lundahl, M., Petersson, L. (2009). Post-Apartheid South Africa; an Economic Success Story? United Natio ns University. Web. Pfister, R. (2005). Apartheid South Africa and African states: from pariah to middle power, 1961-1994. London: I.B.Tauris. Rosmarin, I., Rissik, D. (2004). South Africa. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.

Black Power Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Black Power Movement - Essay Example It is not possible to comprehend the reason for the formation of the BPP or attempt to explain its violent tendencies without first examining the Civil Rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s and the specific events leading up to its establishment. This discussion will give a brief synopsis of those historic events and the people that laid the foundation for the forming of the BPP; provide an overview of the party and then delve more deeply into the inner-workings of the organization. Malcolm X (Little) became a powerful speaker in the movement and became more important to the cause by his death than he was in life. As Martin Luther King had secured the character of the Southern black, Malcolm had become the messiah of city slums in the North, Midwest and West. The semi-militant organization he headed, the Nation, grew quickly under his leadership. Malcolm was most remembered for his passionate anti-white speeches. This was an idea that was emulated by other pro-autono my organizations. He was the target of many death threats, one of which, in 1965, was successful. Soon after Malcolm’s death, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale began forming the Black Panthers (Black Panther Party, 2011). The South was the epicenter for the civil rights movement but racial problems had no regional boundaries. As blacks in the south were working to eradicate segregation, blacks in places such as Chicago, Detroit and Oakland were engaged in their own fight for equal treatment. By the mid-1960’s hostility between Oakland’s black community and the police, a long and ever escalating problem, had reached its apex. Because blacks, being seemingly constantly under an increasing intimidation by the police, Newton and Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in October 1966. The pair had been intensely influenced by the teachings of Malcolm X and structured the organization similar to the Black Muslim program except with no pretenses of religious practice. In contrast to Martin Luther King’s methods and teachings of nonviolent protest, the BPP claimed that they needed to equip themselves with weapons for use as self-defense against police brutality. Arming the group did provide the intended protection but, predictably, led to confrontations with the police that often times concluded with a bloody altercation. The Panthers also volunteered their time and efforts performing various activities that helped people in the community. The group made the rounds throughout neighborhoods in Oakland carrying arms, recorders, and various books so as to teach black history, counsel welfare recipients, and effectively protest rent evictions through the court system. The Panthers could be easily distinguished by their uniform dress of black jackets, pants and berets with blue shirts (Jones, 2000). In 1967, Eldridge Cleaver joined the Black Panther Party. At the time, Cleaver was working as a writer for Ramparts magazine and was the c reator of Black House, a political organization in San Francisco. â€Å"Cleaver served as the Panthers’ minister of information. In this position he was in charge of the publication of the Black Panther newspaper. On April 25, 1967, the first issue of the paper was published and

Employee Retention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee Retention - Essay Example ty of a company to entice their work force to maintain allegiance and exhibit superior performance delivery in order to satisfy the organization’s clientele. A compromise on the latter may be equated to increased staff turnover and decreased employee retention which can, thus, rescind the organization’s services and customer care (Mohr et al., 2008). Several studies and researches have aimed to analyze the marketing impacts, causes and financial aspects that govern employee retention in order to make an accurate prediction and overall formula to help organizations maximize their human resources capital, minimize the negative feedback from the consumers of their goods or services and continually improve the quality of service that a company offers. However, despite these efforts, there may be no universal policy that can accurately predict employee turnover. In most cases, it is affected by the individual characteristics, nature and environment unique to a particular field of work and the labor environment it is subject to. Nonetheless, these researches have served as a basis for designing developing programs that can aid any human resources group to come up with a suitable plan to fit their diverse objectives and eventually execute a pioneering human resources program that benefits workers without endangering incomes (Etchings, 2005). This paper aims to consolidate the recent results of these studies and, eventually, come up with a general theme that can assess employee retention in work places. One of the major concerns of a company that elicits these kinds of researches on job retention and turnover is the balance in the expenditures incurred while maintaining new and old personnel. The reason being that low employee retention results in increased costs to the company due to the increasing costs of separation pay, job announcements, staff rehiring and employee training and upgrading. Estimated values show that these costs may be in the range $3000 to

A History of Art Movements and Styles

A History of Art Movements and Styles Neoclassism was an art and style developed during the late 1700s in the French revolution. It has various visual characteristics: It is solidly modeled using strong direct lights and darks to show form, the compositions are rational in that they are balanced and orderly, presence of strong acidic colors, there are no marks left by the artist since brush strokes are carefully controlled to hide individual strokes and it stresses virtues of classical civilizations of the Greeks and Romans such as discipline, athleticism, education, and moral principles, honesty and charity. Angular and sculptural shapes are normally assigned to males while soft and curvilinear forms depict women. Neoclassical themes are normally centered on classical stories heroic acts and virtues carried out by males who are depicted as gallant and stoic. Felinity in women, on the other hand, is depicted and confined to the domestic and private realm. Neoclassicism is therefore depicted as masculine whereby the male body depicts topical issues on politics, society and sexual attributes. The Neoclassic painting of the famous violinist Paganini by Ingres shows this form perfectly. Romanticism was an art style during the mid 1800s that was a resultant of the revolt against Neoclassicism. The major characteristics of Romanticism are: It attempts to display ideal beauty through dramatic scenes, individual marks of the artist can be viewed, it is a form of art that is based on feelings basically of love rather than thoughts hence gets the viewer to experience strong emotions and it is based on an exotic subject matter. In its theme, it is normally based on atmospheric landscapes with a nostalgic depiction of the past especially the Gothic with a bias towards the primitive such as traditional folk culture, cult of individual heroic figures who are often revolutionaries in art or politics, mysticism, the cult of sensibility that emphasizes on women and children, passion for romance and a fascination with death. The romantic painting of Paganini by Turner attempts to show the feeling of his music through the emotional qualities of the man and physical traits of the c omposer. Impressionism is an art movement or style that started in the mid 1800s in France. There are various characteristics of Impressionism such as: Asymmetrical balance whereby the plunging perspective, cropped forms and art work compositions are balanced asymmetrically; use of pure color whereby pure, prismatic colors fresh from the new tin tubes unmixed on the palette are laid directly on the canvas; use of Impasto or thick paint applied in thick raised strokes to create a roughened uneven texture; use of a high horizon line in order to create a plunging perspective; use of colored shadows and the use of broken color and broken brushstrokes. The theme expresses perceptions of nature by covering rural landscapes, maritime landscapes, pastoral landscapes, bucolic visions of nature and aquatic art. Neo-Impressionist paintings have gone further to entail urban scenes and joyous modern life in working class scenes. One of the famous pieces of art was Girl with a Hoop done by Pierre-Auguste R enoir in 1885. Surrealism is a form of art and a cultural movement that started in the 1920s which drew elements from both Cubism and Expressionism. Over the years, the members have produced great works in visual artworks and writings. There are various characteristics of this style which entail a blend of the depictive, the abstract, and the psychological. Some devices applied are levitation, changing of scale in an object, transparency and use of repetition in creating a typical art form. The juxtaposition of objects that would otherwise not be grouped together is also used in order to convey a certain message or show a metaphor. Most artworks have simple titles that simply state the subject matter for easy comprehensibility. The major theme is the ability of love to overcome reason which has been widely depicted by the French surrealist Desnoss in Deuil pour Deuil whereby the narrator is in a ruined desert city close to a river yet he insists on us. This illustrates a blind quest for love. Other themes covered are sexuality as depicted by Metamorphosis of Narcissus painted in 1937; artistic intention, chance and fatalism; relation between dream and reality and taboos. The basics of cubism can be seen in another art movement such as pointillism and fauvism. Cubism is the art form entailing creation of abstract shapes in three dimension on a two dimensional surface. Artists such as Pablo Picasso have popularized this art form. The artists attempt to show several views on multiple planes of a particular subject is the most distinguishable feature. Cubist art forms are also shallow in depth and perception. It preserves a warped two-dimensional look via a presentation of subjects that are broken up along geometric planes. Analytic Cubist art applies monochromatic color scheme while synthetic cubism adopts multiple color schemes. The most popular theme is still life as depicted by the Still Life with Open Window painting by Rue Ravignan in 1915. This is a work of art that depicts inanimate subject content, commonplace objects such as flowers and manmade objects such as jewellery. Religious and allegorical symbolism is attached to the art. Futurism is an art form that emerged in Italy under the Italian poet, Filippo Marinetti . There are various essential characteristics of futurism such as it includes irregular, agitated lines communicating the movements energy and images being displayed as if in perpetual motion. Futurism is based on a theme of violence, war, anarchy, technology and speed based on an urban background which is conveyed through the artworks energy. Paintings and sculptures glorify life and the changes in technology that transforms objects. Carrà  s Funeral of the Anarchist Galli displays police attacks and the riot aftermath in 1904 Italy. Broken panes and diagonals rendered energetically distinguish this art form. Post-Impressionism is a resultant art form as a widely felt reaction against impressionism. These paintings apply the bright Impressionist palette but create art in a formalized order and structure. Paint application technique applied enables the viewer to see the image from multiple angles. In the art work, one can easily see brushstrokes, the style used and the personal experience of the painter over fidelity, multiple viewing angles and the personal expressiveness of the painter. Paintings are based on realistic scenes of modern life which are displayed by visual effects rather than inclusion of details. This is particularly the case in Alfred Sisleys 1872 painting Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne. Realism is an art form that aims at faithfully representing reality and various aspects of actualities in life. It mainly represents the middle class without any prejudice, romance or idealism. It is characterized by a representation of reality in comprehensive detail with characters being of more importance than the action or plot. There is a complex relationship between characters, nature, social class and their past. The diction applied in the compositions is natural but poetic. This art form deals with ethical issues and choices in its themes. The socio-economic class conflict is addressed in these compositions as a major theme. The widening gaps between rich and poor are depicted by the characters used. Charles Dickens work on David Copperfield, the suffering of impoverished children who have to work in industries illustrates realism explicitly.