The True Gospel of Wealth: Andrew Carnegie.

U. S History September 17,2012 The True Gospel of Wealth: Andrew Carnegie The True Gospel of Wealth, an article written by one of the richest, most powerful men of the 19th century, is a guide to a nation virgin to mass amounts of wealth, and power. Carnegie is a self made millionaire, who immigrated to the United States with less than a dollar in his pocket. This fact would serve important in Carnegies epic rise to fortune, also in developing such philosophical understandings as, The True Gospel of Wealth. Andrew Carnegie was a firm believer in idea of individualism.That everyman must work and rise on his own ambition alone, that each man for themselves. In other word, he did not believe in the communist thought of working for the wealth of your brotherhood. Carnegie describes it as evolution of the human class. That it is beyond human control to determine the distribution of wealth. It is good for a nation to have, one end the wealthy, while on the other side, the poor. In this, ou r nation has grown to know a higher grade of living than what our forefathers experienced. Carnegie goes on to say, â€Å"The poor enjoy what the rich could not before afford.What were the luxuries have become the necessities of life. The laborer has now more comforts than the farmer had a few generations ago. † This passage explains Carnegie’s idea that as the rich get richer, the poorer ultimately reap the benefits of this evolutionary growth of class. This, in fact, depended entirely upon the mode of distribution of wealth the rich man chooses. Moreover, Carnegie explains that there are three different modes of distribution a rich man can employ. The first mode described, a bestowment of fortune to the first son. Which was a common practice during many years f a stringent class system in Great Britain. This ultimately led to a burden of wealth amongst rich who have no conscientiousness of how critical proper distribution of wealth is for evolutionary growth. The sec ond mode, which Carnegie describes as the worst possible thing a man can do in his life, is distributing wealth, cash over fist to the impoverished. To simply give money as â€Å"charity† to a man who has none, is to only feed into his follies as a man. Carnegie believes that in an every 1,000 dollars given to charity, 950 dollars of it goes to waste.The rich man who simply hands money away in small sums to others themselves only stalls the growth of character and ambition throughout the Nation. Nonetheless, the third mode is which Carnegie beckons as the start of a great evolutional growth in the distribution of wealth amongst classes. Carnegie believes that the rich must supply the poor with not money directly to their pockets, which would coax temptations. Rather, the rich must supply the less fortunate with the means to grow as people, to heighten ambitions, and raise the level of class.This is done through, for example, the construction of a public library. Carnegie, in fact, tells a tale of Mr. Tilden. Mr. Tilden, a wealthy man, builds a large public library in New York City. This distributes more than a couple quarters could ever, the ability for any man to enhance his learning and opportunities for free. In result, Carnegie has lead us as a young nation on the brink of unthinkable upsurge of wealth, power, and respect from around the world to a place of great thought. In this individualistic ideal of life, Carnegie believes we can grow exponentially as a people under the right circumstances.A system of distribution, and a system of support meant to reach the lowest of the impoverished. A system, nonetheless, that requires a strict set of laws. Best described by Andrew Carnegie himself. â€Å"Thus is the problem of Rich and Poor to e solved. The laws of accumulation will be left free; the laws of distribution free. Individualism will continue, but the millionaire will be but a trustee for the poor†¦ but administering (wealth) for the commun ity far better than it could or would have done for itself. †

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 3. BIG DAY

My own eyes flew open. I lay shivering and gasping in my warm bed for several minutes, trying to break free of the dream. The sky outside my window turned gray and then pale pink while I waited for my heart to slow. When I was fully back to the reality of my messy, familiar room, I was a little annoyed with myself. What a dream to have the night before my wedding! That's what I got for obsessing over disturbing stories in the middle of the night. Eager to shake off the nightmare, I got dressed and headed down to the kitchen long before I needed to. First I cleaned the already tidy rooms, and then when Charlie was up I made him pancakes. I was much too keyed up to have any interest in eating breakfast myself – I sat bouncing in my seat while he ate. â€Å"You're picking up Mr. Weber at three o'clock,† I reminded him. â€Å"I don't have that much to do today besides bring the minister, Bells. I'm not likely to forget my only job.† Charlie had taken the entire day off for the wedding, and he was definitely at loose ends. Now and then, his eyes flickered furtively to the closet under the stairs, where he kept his fishing gear. â€Å"That's not your only job. You also have to be dressed and presentable.† He scowled into his cereal bowl and muttered the words â€Å"monkey suit† under his breath. There was a brisk tapping on the front door. â€Å"You think you have it bad,† I said, grimacing as I rose. â€Å"Alice will be working on me all day long.† Charlie nodded thoughtfully, conceding that he did have the lesser ordeal. I ducked in to kiss the top of his head as I passed – he blushed and harrumphed – and then continued on to get the door for my best girlfriend and soon-to-be sister. Alice's short black hair was not in its usual spiky do – it was smoothed into sleek pin curls around her pixie face, which wore a contrastingly businesslike expression. She dragged me from the house with barely a â€Å"Hey, Charlie† called over her shoulder. Alice appraised me as I got into her Porsche. â€Å"Oh, hell, look at your eyes!† She tsked in reproach. â€Å"What did you do? Stay up all night?† â€Å"Almost.† She glowered. â€Å"I've only allotted so much time to make you stunning, Bella – you might have taken better care of my raw material.† â€Å"No one expects me to be stunning. I think the bigger problem is that I might fall asleep during the ceremony and not be able to say 1 do' at the right part, and then Edward will make his escape.† She laughed. â€Å"I'll throw my bouquet at you when it gets close.† â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"At least you'll have plenty of time to sleep on the plane tomorrow.† I raised one eyebrow. Tomorrow, I mused. If we were heading out tonight after the reception, and we would still be on a plane tomorrow†¦ well, we weren't going to Boise, Idaho. Edward hadn't dropped a single hint. I wasn't too stressed about the mystery, but it was strange not knowing where I would be sleeping tomorrow night. Or hopefully not sleeping †¦ Alice realized that she'd given something away, and she frowned. â€Å"You're all packed and ready,† she said to distract me. It worked. â€Å"Alice, I wish you would let me pack my own things!† â€Å"It would have given too much away.† â€Å"And denied you an opportunity to shop.† â€Å"You'll be my sister officially in ten short hours†¦ it's about time to get over this aversion to new clothes.† I glowered groggily out the windshield until we were almost to the house. â€Å"Is he back yet?† I asked. â€Å"Don't worry, he'll be there before the music starts. But you don't get to see him, no matter when he gets back. We're doing this the traditional way.† I snorted. â€Å"Traditional!† â€Å"Okay, aside from the bride and groom.† â€Å"You know he's already peeked.† â€Å"Oh no – that's why I'm the only one who's seen you in the dress. I've been very careful to not think about it when he's around.† â€Å"Well,† I said as we turned into the drive, â€Å"I see you got to reuse your graduation decorations.† Three miles of drive were once again wrapped in hundreds of thousands of twinkle lights. This time, she'd added white satin bows. â€Å"Waste not, want not. Enjoy this, because you don't get to see the inside decorations until it's time.† She pulled into the cavernous garage north of the main house; Emmett's big Jeep was still gone. â€Å"Since when is the bride not allowed to see the decorations?† I protested. â€Å"Since she put me in charge. I want you to get the full impact coming down the stairs.† She clapped her hand over my eyes before she let me inside the kitchen. I was immediately assailed by the scent. â€Å"What is that?† I wondered as she guided me into the house. â€Å"Is it too much?† Alice's voice was abruptly worried. â€Å"You're the first human in here; I hope I got it right.† â€Å"it smells wonderful!† I assured her – almost intoxicating, but not at all overwhelming, the balance of the different fragrances was subtle and flawless. â€Å"Orange blossoms†¦ lilac†¦ and something else – am I right?† â€Å"Very good, Bella. You only missed the freesia and the roses.† She didn't uncover my eyes until we were in her oversized bathroom. I stared at the long counter, covered in all the paraphernalia of a beauty salon, and began to feel my sleepless night. â€Å"Is this really necessary? I'm going to look plain next to him no matter what.† She pushed me down into a low pink chair. â€Å"No one will dare to call you plain when I'm through with you.† â€Å"Only because they're afraid you'll suck their blood,† I muttered. I leaned back in the chair and closed my eyes, hoping I'd be able to nap through it. I did drift in and out a little bit while she masked, buffed, and polished every surface of my body. It was after lunchtime when Rosalie glided past the bathroom door in a shimmery silver gown with her golden hair piled up in a soft crown on top of her head. She was so beautiful it made me want to cry. What was even the point of dressing up with Rosalie around? â€Å"They're back,† Rosalie said, and immediately my childish fit of despair passed. Edward was home. â€Å"Keep him out of here!† â€Å"He won't cross you today,† Rosalie reassured her. â€Å"He values his life too much. Esme's got them finishing things up out back. Do you want some help? I could do her hair.† My jaw fell open. I floundered around in my head, trying to remember how to close it. I had never been Rosalie's favorite person in the world. Then, making things even more strained between us, she was personally offended by the choice I was making now. Though she had her impossible beauty, her loving family, and her soul mate in Emmett, she would have traded it all to be human. And here I was, callously throwing away everything she wanted in life like it was garbage. It didn't exactly warm her to me. â€Å"Sure,† Alice said easily. â€Å"You can start braiding. I want it intricate. The veil goes here, underneath.† Her hands started combing through my hair, hefting it, twisting it, illustrating in detail what she wanted. When she was done, Rosalie's hands replaced hers, shaping my hair with a feather-light touch. Alice moved back to my face. Once Rosalie received Alice's commendation on my hair, she was sent off to retrieve my dress and then to locate Jasper, who had been dispatched to pick up my mother and her husband, Phil, from their hotel. Downstairs, I could faintly hear the door opening and closing over and over. Voices began to float up to us. Alice made me stand so that she could ease the dress over my hair and makeup. My knees shook so badly as she fastened the long line of pearl buttons up my back that the satin quivered in little wavelets down to the floor. â€Å"Deep breaths, Bella/7Alice said. â€Å"And try to lower your heart rate. You're going to sweat off your new face.† I gave her the best sarcastic expression I could manage. â€Å"I'll get right on that.† â€Å"I have to get dressed now. Can you hold yourself together for two minutes?† â€Å"Urn†¦ maybe?† She rolled her eyes and darted out the door. I concentrated on my breathing, counting each movement of my lungs, and stared at the patterns that the bathroom light made on the shiny fabric of my skirt. I was afraid to look in the mirror – afraid the image of myself in the wedding dress would send me over the edge into a full-scale panic attack. Alice was back before I had taken two hundred breaths, in a dress that flowed down her slender body like a silvery waterfall. â€Å"Alice – wow.† â€Å"It's nothing. No one will be looking at me today. Not while you're in the room.† â€Å"Har har.† â€Å"Now, are you in control of yourself, or do I have to bring Jasper up here?† â€Å"They're back? Is my mom here?† â€Å"She just walked in the door. She's on her way up.† Renee had flown in two days ago, and I'd spent every minute I could with her – every minute that I could pry her away from Esme and the decorations, in other words. As far as I could tell, she was having more fun with this than a kid locked inside Disneyland overnight. In a way, I felt almost as cheated as Charlie. All that wasted terror over her reaction†¦ â€Å"Oh, Bella!† she squealed now, gushing before she was all the way through the door. â€Å"Oh, honey, you're so beautiful! Oh, I'm going to cry! Alice, you're amazing! You and Esme should go into business as wedding planners. Where did you find this dress? It's gorgeous! So graceful, so elegant. Bella, you look like you just stepped out of an Austen movie.† My mother's voice sounded a little distance away, and everything in the room was slightly blurry. â€Å"Such a creative idea, designing the theme around Bella's ring. So romantic! To think it's been in Edward's family since the eighteen hundreds!† Alice and I exchanged a brief conspiratorial look. My mom was off on the dress style by more than a hundred years. The wedding wasn't actually centered around the ring, but around Edward himself. There was a loud, gruff throat-clearing in the doorway. â€Å"Renee, Esme said it's time you got settled down there,† Charlie said. â€Å"Well, Charlie, don't you look dashing!† Renee said in a tone that was almost shocked. That might have explained the crustiness of Charlie's answer. â€Å"Alice got to me.† â€Å"Is it really time already?† Renee said to herself, sounding almost as nervous as I felt. â€Å"This has all gone so fast. I feel dizzy.† That made two of us. â€Å"Give me a hug before I go down/7Renee insisted. â€Å"Carefully now, don't tear anything.† My mother squeezed me gently around the waist, then wheeled for the door, only to complete the spin and face me again. â€Å"Oh goodness, I almost forgot! Charlie, Where's the box?† My dad rummaged in his pockets for a minute and then produced a small white box, which he handed to Renee. Renee lifted the lid and held it out to me. â€Å"Something blue,† she said. â€Å"Something old, too. They were your Grandma Swan's,† Charlie added. â€Å"We had a jeweler replace the paste stones with sapphires.† Inside the box were two heavy silver hair combs. Dark blue sapphires were clustered into intricate floral shapes atop the teeth. My throat got all thick. â€Å"Mom, Dad†¦ you shouldn't have.† â€Å"Alice wouldn't let us do anything else,† Renee said. â€Å"Every time we tried, she all but ripped our throats out.† A hysterical giggle burst through my lips. Alice stepped up and quickly slid both combs into my hair under the edge of the thick braids. â€Å"That's something old and something blue,† Alice mused, taking a few steps back to admire me. â€Å"And your dress is new†¦ so here – â€Å" She flicked something at me. I held my hands out automatically, and the filmy white garter landed in my palms. â€Å"That's mine and I want it back,† Alice told me. I blushed. â€Å"There,† Alice said with satisfaction. â€Å"A little color – that's all you needed. You are officially perfect.† With a little self-congratulatory smile, she turned to my parents. â€Å"Renee, you need to get downstairs.† â€Å"Yes, ma'am.† Renee blew me a kiss and hurried out the door. â€Å"Charlie, would you grab the flowers, please?† While Charlie was out of the room, Alice hooked the garter out of my hands and then ducked under my skirt. I gasped and tottered as her cold hand caught my ankle; she yanked the garter into place. She was back on her feet before Charlie returned with the two frothy white bouquets. The scent of roses and orange blossom and freesia enveloped me in a soft mist. Rosalie – the best musician in the family next to Edward – began playing the piano downstairs. Pachelbel's Canon. I began hyperventilating. â€Å"Easy, Bells,† Charlie said. He turned to Alice nervously. â€Å"She looks a little sick. Do you think she's going to make it?† His voice sounded far away. I couldn't feel my legs. â€Å"She'd better.† Alice stood right in front of me, on her tiptoes to better stare me in the eye, and gripped my wrists in her hard hands. â€Å"Focus, Bella. Edward is waiting for you down there.† 1 took a deep breath, willing myself into composure. The music slowly morphed into a new song. Charlie nudged me. â€Å"Bells, we're up to bat.† â€Å"Bella?† Alice asked, still holding my gaze. â€Å"Yes,† I squeaked. â€Å"Edward. Okay.† I let her pull me from the room, with Charlie tagging along at my elbow. The music was louder in the hall. It floated up the stairs along with the fragrance of a million flowers. I concentrated on the idea of Edward waiting below to get my feet to shuffle forward. The music was familiar, Wagner's traditional march surrounded by a flood of embellishments. â€Å"It's my turn,† Alice chimed. â€Å"Count to five and follow me.† She began a slow, graceful dance down the staircase. I should have realized that having Alice as my only bridesmaid was a mistake. I would look that much more uncoordinated coming behind her. A sudden fanfare trilled through the soaring music. I recognized my cue. â€Å"Don't let me fall, Dad,† I whispered. Charlie pulled my hand through his arm and then grasped it tightly. One step ata time, I told myself as we began to descend to the slow tempo of the march. I didn't lift my eyes until my feet were safely on the flat ground, though I could hear the murmurs and rustling of the audience as I came into view. Blood flooded my cheeks at the sound; of course I could be counted on to be the blushing bride. As soon as my feet were past the treacherous stairs, I was looking for him. For a brief second, I was distracted by the profusion of white blossoms that hung in garlands from everything in the room that wasn't alive, dripping with long lines of white gossamer ribbons. But I tore my eyes from the bowery canopy and searched across the rows of satin-draped chairs – blushing more deeply as I took in the crowd of faces all focused on me – until I found him at last, standing before an arch overflowing with more flowers, more gossamer. I was barely conscious that Carlisle stood by his side, and Angela's father behind them both. I didn't see my mother where she must have been sitting in the front row, or my new family, or any of the guests – they would have to wait till later. All I really saw was Edward's face; it filled my vision and overwhelmed my mind. His eyes were a buttery, burning gold; his perfect face was almost severe with the depth of his emotion. And then, as he met my awed gaze, he broke into a breathtaking smile of exultation. Suddenly, it was only the pressure of Charlie's hand on mine that kept me from sprinting headlong down the aisle. The march was too slow as I struggled to pace my steps to its rhythm. Mercifully, the aisle was very short. And then, at last, at last, I was there. Edward held out his hand. Charlie took my hand and, in a symbol as old as the world, placed it in Edward's. I touched the cool miracle of his skin, and I was home. Our vows were the simple, traditional words that had been spoken a million times, though never by a couple quite like us. We'd asked Mr. Weber to make only one small change. He obligingly traded the line â€Å"till death do us part† for the more appropriate â€Å"as long as we both shall live.† In that moment, as the minister said his part, my world, which had been upside down for so long now, seemed to settle into its proper position. I saw just how silly I'd been for fearing this – as if it were an unwanted birthday gift or an embarrassing exhibition, like the prom. I looked into Edward's shining, triumphant eyes and knew that I was winning, too. Because nothing else mattered but that I could stay withhim. I didn't realize I was crying until it was time to say the binding words. â€Å"I do,† I managed to choke out in a nearly unintelligible whisper, blinking my eyes clear so I could see his face. When it was his turn to speak, the words rang clear and victorious. â€Å"I do,† he vowed. Mr. Weber declared us husband and wife, and then Edward's hands reached up to cradle my face, carefully, as if it were as delicate as the white petals swaying above our heads. I tried to comprehend, through the film of tears blinding me, the surreal fact that this amazing person was mine. His golden eyes looked as if they would have tears, too, if such a thing were not impossible. He bent his head toward mine, and I stretched up on the tips of my toes, throwing my arms – bouquet and all – around his neck. He kissed me tenderly, adoringly; I forgot the crowd, the place, the time, the reason†¦ only remembering that he loved me, that he wanted me, that I was his. He began the kiss, and he had to end it; I clung to him, ignoring the titters and the throat-clearing in the audience. Finally, his hands restrained my face and he pulled back – too soon – to look at me. On the surface his sudden smile was amused, almost a smirk. But underneath his momentary entertainment at my public exhibition was a deep joy that echoed my own. The crowd erupted into applause, and he turned our bodies to face our friends and family. I couldn't look away from his face to see them. My mother's arms were the first to find me, her tear-streaked face the first thing I saw when I finally tore my eyes unwillingly from Edward. And then I was handed through the crowd, passed from embrace to embrace, only vaguely aware of who held me, my attention centered on Edward's hand clutched tightly in my own. I did recognize the difference between the soft, warm hugs of my human friends and the gentle, cool embraces of my new family. One scorching hug stood out from all the others – Seth Clearwater had braved the throng of vampires to stand in for my lost werewolf friend.

Post Mortem

Victorian post mortem photography was a custom prevalent in Europe and, to some lesser extent, the United States. It was a culture where people used to pose for photographs with their deceased loved ones for memory purposes. This was a way through which families could mourn and accept the loss of their loved ones. Remembrance encouraged the practice of post mortem photography since most people, especially infants and young adults, were photographed together with their family members to keep their memories alive.This paper will argue that many individuals from the Victorian era who participated in post mortem photography were heavily influenced by religious beliefs that in time developed into religious fixations. Post mortem photography is defined by modern psychiatry as an aspect of acute grief, which occurs in the early aftermath of a death. Acute grief can be intensely painful and is often characterized by behaviors and emotions that would be considered unusual in normal everyday l ife.Some individuals from the Victorian era (1837-1902), who believed in post mortem photography, saw their life here as an entrance to eternal life in heaven. However, these individuals from the Victorian era further believed in freeing the soul so that it was not enslaved in the body after death and further believed that post mortem photography would so free the soul of the deceased. Background: Even though post mortem photography and the dead have a long history, most associate post-mortem photography to the Victorian period in Europe and, to some lesser extent, the United States.Post-mortem photography was very popular in this 19th century period because the invention of the first photographic process, daguerreotype (a photographic process, which a picture on a silver surface sensitizes tit iodine was developed by exposure to mercury vapor, invented in 1839) made photography much more affordable. Daguerreotype photography was embraced since it was cheap and fast as compared to d rawing; this faster and cheaper technique also offered the middle class with a way to remember the deceased.Basically meaning, that those authorizing a post-mortem photographic sketch of a relative or friend also had the financial ability to meet the cost. Because of post mortem photography new nature, society embraced the daguerreotype quickly without having a second thought. â€Å"Post- mortem photography thrived in hydrotherapy ancient decades, among costumers who preferred to posses a photo of their deceased members as compared to lacking a memory. † (Cornwall, 2004, p. 61). The photographs were used as keepsakes to remember family and friends.Some photographers dedicated a substantial portion of their time to photograph the deceased. The strict relation between post mortem photography and the Victorian period inclines to overlook a number of variables. For instance, post mortem photography is still appreciated today in the same way as it was in the 19th century (Carmicha el, 1966, p. 53). Nevertheless, there is a limited amount of photographers wrought the United States who still perform post mortem photography, and death masks.However, many modern post mortem photos put less effort on giving the deceased a life-like appearance, and instead captures pictures of the deceased in coffins. Main Point 1: During the Victorian era, it was clear there were bizarre superstitions and rituals that families abided by to ensure their loved ones got the proper burial. In addition, to the bizarre superstitions and rituals, during the Victorian era some individuals participated in witchcraft and Joined cults. Victorian society was full of bizarre prepositions and rituals, like covering all mirrors with black fabric when someone died.Most people participated in this bizarre superstitions and rituals because it was feared that the mirror could steal the decease's soul and keep it. Also, during the Victorian era many individuals in Europe and, to some lesser extent, t he United States believed in death omens, which is an indicator that the person who is visited by bad spirits is going to die. For instance, seeing themselves in dreams, or seeing an owl during the day. Main Point 2: An initial dwelling of the deceased is considered to be normal.However, Jean Calenderer, a researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill of Victorian ghost stories and early psychology, describes acute grief as pathological (meaning evidence of being mentally disturbed). It then becomes a fixation. (Spirit Photography: Victorian Culture of Mourning, 17). These bizarre superstitions and rituals were really Just symptoms of some deeper-seated pathological issues. Prevailing Theories There are other psychological answers to the obsession with the deceased.Post mortem photography in and of itself is not necessarily evidence of some sort of pathological issue. Even though the today's society looks at post mortem photography as a morbid action, most of us stil l practice it in various ways. Only the actual real life posing for the pictures is what has been abandoned. People have cultural practices that make them still value the practice of post mortem photography for purposes of remembrance. Also, the practice of post mortem photography is still essential in some religions, such as for Catholics, who cherish respecting the deed for several reasons.One is the continued need to memorial the deceased using a worshiped treasure, such as a photograph. A second reason is to maintain the continuity of church growth and ideas, as the process of the passing down of information regarding certain prominent church personalities and how they dedicated their life to serve could trigger the use of post mortem photography. This is because in current society, we identify ourselves with these people. Post mortem photography also is currently used in criminal investigations.The use of post mortem photography is essential in ensuring that even the dead can b e accorded Justice. Post mortem photos are often used as aids to deduce the cause of death of an individual, specially in a case where the death occurred under mysterious circumstances. This shows that the current use of post mortem photography in our Justice system is justifiable. Documentation does have limits. For example, in a massacre, for purposes of evidence, it is essential for the Journalist and people concerned to take pictures of the dead, but to be able to pose them for the public is not accepted.Nature always exposes human beings to challenges that need to be recorded for future generations. The use of post mortem photography as a record for future reference is commendable. For instance, in the field of anthropology, photographic communication of events is essential for they act as proof of what actually happened. Though, some people depict this as uncultured to some extent. There are certain photos that anthropologists would use, but societal moral values and beliefs r estrict the use of such photos.Yet, in order to validate the scientific findings, it is still justifiable to use post mortem anthropology to achieve this purpose regardless of societal values. Rebuttal People today are scared of death, it is not perceived as in the early 19th century when people used to take death as a normal thing. Death was more of a way of life urine the Victorian era for several reasons. Mothers died in childbirth, children died from preventable diseases, adults lived much shorter life spans. Modern medicine and technology have eliminated all of these as concerns.Celebrations such as Halloween show how people today are scared of death, as, for example, the masks used are normally from images related to death. They are intended to scare people, but at the same time they actually depict what was meant for post mortem photography. People avoid death, it is still something that happens to all of us eventually, but modern society has made it into something to be afra id of, something o scare little children and something to be kept at a distance. Most people no longer associate death as being a normal event as in the 19th century.Thus, what occurred in the 19th century was more related to trying to understand death as a normal part of life, not a pathological condition requiring medical treatment. Conclusion Even though post mortem photography was mostly attributed to the Victorian era, today people still practice this through recordings as keepsakes, the taking of post mortem pictures for use in our Justice system, the use of methods such as tattoos rented on our skin, graffiti painted on our cars and walls, images and pictures of the dead in their graves, as well as statues.We are not running away from death and post mortem photography, but we are only distancing ourselves from death while adopting other ways to remember the departed ones.

Abstract format Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abstract format - Essay Example In their study, Allen, Gibson, McLean, Davis, and Byrne (2014), wanted to establish the ancestry and maternal aspects that may foretell increases or decreases in the signs of a child eating disorder over a duration. The Allen, Gibson, McLean, Davis, and Byrne (2014), study had 221 participants, mother-child dyads. The study participants were evaluated at baselines; 1-year and 2-years sequel. The investigators used linear mixed models and other methods to find the forecasters of the signs of child eating disorder. The findings of the study showed that the youngsters of mothers with a preceding or current eating condition registered considerably higher levels of worldwide indicators of eating conditions as well as emotional food intake, compared to children of other mothers. Moreover, mothers with a preceding or current eating condition were more concerned of their children weight. Family susceptibility to constant worry/stress and little motherly education were additional risk considerations for eating disorder indicators. Allen, Gibson, McLean, Davis, and Byrne (2014), concluded that a mother’s concern of a child’s weight, stress in the family, the mother’s education level, and a child’s level of family gratification could foretell the signs of eating disorder in a child. The article is informative and fills the gap in research that family aspects can precisely foretell the signs of an eating disorder in a child. Moreover, the article addresses a relevant issue in our society, childhood obesity. Drobnjak, S., Atsiz, S., Ditzen, B., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Ehlert, U. (2014). Restrained eating and self-esteem in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Journal of Eating Disorders, 2 (23), 1-10. DOI:10.1186/s40337-014-0023-1 Drobnjak, Atsiz, Ditzen, Tuschen-Caffier, and Ehlert (2014) did the research because of the lack of information about disordered food consumption in middle-aged females. Therefore, in

Stock Index Futures Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stock Index Futures Prices - Essay Example Arbitrage is also characterised as the simultaneous buying and selling of stocks in two separate financial markets with the intention of making profits generated by the difference between the buying and the selling prices of a commodity(Sackman, and Coltman 1996, 25). The carry cost can also be described as the interest expense paid by the investor to hold on to the commodity purchased in the futures market until the maturity date of the futures contract(Bjrk 2004, 1). Arbitrage will be further discussed below. Many investors prefer to funnel their scarce money resources into a cash and carry arbitrage contract. Their real goal would probably be to invest in two securities that are differently priced in the market. Later, the stock or futures prices of both commodities will correct themselves by either decreasing or increasing. This movement of prices would cause a profit on one commodity and a loss on the other commodity. Both these commodities will smoothen out resulting to the avoidance or decrease of probable future losses. The commodities where arbitrage can be used include sugar, gold, silver, coffee, oil, U.S. dollar currency, European dollar currency, Japanese Yen, French Franc, and other currencies (Scobie, Buckley, and Fox 1998, 8) In addition, the arbitrage investor may generate profits from investments if he or she invests in a security or in the futures contracts. The investor would then profit when the amount of the of the commodity plus the added cost of carrying is less than the projected commodities futures prices. One clear advantage of using arbitrage in the commodities futures market is that the investors can sell a commodity like the United States dollar today and then buy the same foreign currency four days after the currency purchase date. On the other hand, this is not possible in the real world. The real world transaction is characterised by a sales person turning over to the buyer the car, house, shirt, or computer game the moment when he or she pays for the items bought. Only when the sales price is higher than the investment price will the investor harvest the fruits from his or her arbitrage investment. In terms of the oil industry, "The oil industry, more than other energy sectors, is globa l in its character and operations. The geographical concentration of reserves and the vital role of oil in modern society has made it the principal commodity in international trade" (Haugland, Bergesen, and Roland 1998, 54) Evidently, the arbitrage investor may generate profits from investments if he or she invests in a security or in the futures contracts. Likewise, FRA influences prices. The currency exchange rate of the Eurodollar futures and American dollar Foreign Rate Agreements (FRA) high frequency data clearly indicates that the countless arbitrage opportunities are linked to the presence of stale FRA commodity prices as well as the oscillatory behavior of FRA quotes. And, Inter -market information flows are found to be of much shorter duration than previously reported with the futures market playing the dominant role in the information transmission process in the shorter -dated maturities. Many investors inject their money in short term interest rate futures and forward rate

International Business - International Market Case Study

International Business - International Market - Case Study Example It will investigate the current business strategies used by the company to conquer international markets, licensing and franchising, market strategies and ownership factors. Dell Inc. is an American computer hardware company which is based in Texas, U.S. The company manufactures, supports, develops and sells a wide variety of products and services including; PCs, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals etc. Dell Inc. is one of the biggest companies in the world but it has currently encountered a lot of competition from other players in the industry including IBM and HP. By the end of 2006, the company had an employee capacity of 78,700 throughout its branches all over the world. The company is owned by Michael Dell who, in 1984 while being a university student, founded the company in his dorm room. The company is currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Dell Computer Corporation After deciding to enter oversees market a variety of options were open to the company. These options vary with cost, risk and the degree of control which can be exercised over them in terms of security. Dell Inc. uses the following two methods of international marketing especially in some countries, such as those in Europe where the countries have developed infrastructure, organized import duty regulations etc. But in developing countries where level of economy is low, the company uses the direct method of exporting. Exporting Exporting is the direct sale of domestically produced goods in another country and does not require that the goods be produced in the target country. An example of this kind of marketing is counter trade. Counter trade is the expansion of operations in markets where competition is less but currency based exchange is not possible (Hollensen, 2004). Direct method In this method, DELL Inc. may agree to build a plant in a certain country and either assembles or manufactures their products and then operates as a full entity in the target country. An example of this method of trading is the barter trade. Direct methods have the following disadvantages i. It is difficult to set price and service quality ii. 'Dumping' may occur since it is not covered by GATT iii. Inconsistency in specifications and delivery iv. Quality may not be of international standards becoming so costly to the customer and trader. Indirect method The method of marketing does not require that the company invests in production facilities in the country and therefore, it is cheaper. The only costs that will be incurred are the marketing, transport and government expenses. This kind of marketing require full corporation of the following players; exporter which will be in this sense Dell Inc., importer in the target country, transport agents and the government trade officers. This is the marketing of goods produced in one country into another. In this case, there is no direct manufacturing in the intended country but significant investments in marketing are required. DELL Inc. can therefore manufacture their products in either Europe or Africa and export them directly to these countries. The advantages for this method are; production is home based hence less risky, gives an opportunity to learn markets abroad, potential risks of operating abroad are minimized. The only disadvantage of this method is that the company is at the merc ies of unscrupulous agents who make more profit than the company itself. Suitability of

Exchange Rate Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exchange Rate Policies - Essay Example Above balance of trade in favor of China says a lot about the comparative advantage that China has in a vast array of goods. Moreover, the pertinent point is that China has successfully tilted the advantage in its favor through a managed exchange rate regime. It is of no surprise that China has accumulated over $3trillion in its reserve through this comparative advantage in trade. A couple of years back, China had pegged its currency Yuan at about 8.28/dollar and that remained at that level fairly for a long time. China transited to a ‘managed float’ in 2005 but till date it has refrained from ‘free floating’ Yuan. China does so because it does not want to see its currency appreciate against dollar. In doing so, China may lose the comparative advantage that it has gained across a wide range of goods. The U.S. is passing through a dire recession and unemployment rate continues to hover around 9 percent for last several quarters. There is no denying to the fact that the U.S. industries are at great loss so far comparative advantage is concerned. That is why economists like Krugman (2011) strongly advocates that a weak dollar is in the interest of U.S. to protect its producers. That is also a way to eliminate the U.S. trade gap with China providing a level playing field to the U.S.

Health Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Health Ethic - Essay Example 1). In this principle, it takes into account the standardized benchmarks that must be maintained in order to secure the health welfare of patients seeking medical attention. The code basically establishes the kind of relationship shared by patients and their health providers, where the former group is considered inferior compared to superiority exhibited by medically-educated practitioners. Hence, there is a one-sided dependence in such type of association. In current times, there is a shift in the focus of health care from solely treatment provisions to health care promotion and education--there is an integrated transfer of power from health providers to consumers. Where once the medical practitioners hold the sole control on the direction of their clients’ overall care, recent developments account for a more shared responsibility between the two parties involved in health care. Bearing the illustrated changes in mind, there is a general assumption that concepts in medical et hical conduct is not absolute in every situation, including the core ethical principles that govern the medical practice. The paper conducts a case evaluation related to the requested act of withholding the full disclosure medical information by a patient towards biologic relatives, and ethical principles regulating the practitioners’ actions in the performance of such duty. Specifically, this seeks to clarify contradictions in professional limitations of practitioners and extent to which patients can exercise their ethical rights against the moral code of conduct maintained by health providers. Ethical Dilemma: A Case Point Case 1 Mrs M has been having some strange symptoms which have been diagnosed as early symptoms of multiple sclerosis. She realizes she could be unaffected by the disease for some time and so has asked her GP not to tell anyone, even her family. Mr M and their three children are also the GP's patients. The GP is torn by Mrs M's decision because she feels i t would be better if the family knew now rather than finding out later. Mrs M wants to keep this secret because "I don't want them to start treating me differently. I want to look after my family for as long as I can before they start looking after me." Ethics is a complex concept that encompasses more than the networking tenets of what is morally right and wrong. Medical ethics, as identified by Flight (2004), is a definitive set of values that guide the practice of medical practitioners, incorporating a variety of ethical theories to provide basis for conflict resolutions and updates on practical health issues in clinical and community health settings. Basic in almost all types of professional ethics is the presentation of the four core approaches in ethical performance: â€Å"autonomy (freedom to choose), nonmaleficence (do no harm), beneficence (do what is good), justice† (Ashcroft, et al., 2007, p. 4). In one way or another, these principles interact with one another to influence the procedures by which the medical practitioners perform their duties in work environment. In account with the case presented above, a couple of values seemed to be in conflict during the adherence of professional code in ethics. As listed above, autonomy is the exercise of the liberty to choose. In clinical settings, patients are given options to choose among the treatment alternatives available to them. In application, Mrs. M had reserved her right to

The use of the x ray machine in the medical field. And how it was Research Paper

The use of the x ray machine in the medical field. And how it was invented and how far it has come (technology wise) and also it - Research Paper Example The discovery was actually accidental. The scientist found that invisible rays were emitted from a cathode ray tube and that these could penetrate wood and also paper. These rays were able to create a glow on a screen that was several years yards away. The glow was fluorescent. The screen that was observed was barium platinocyanide screen (Assmus, 10). The tube generating X-rays, the cathode rays was Crookes tube (Assmus, 10). The scientist made use of these properties to study the structure of bone of human hand. Several years after discovery of these rays, actual X-ray machines were invented. In 1900, it was discovered that radium rays are actually dangerous to skin. Radiology began to emerge as one of the medical specialities in 1900. Skill, the technical know-how and interpretation of image improved significantly (Linton, 27) X-rays are basically electromagnetic waves and their behavior is similar to light rays (Dendy, 48). However, their wavelengths are short. One useful propert y of the X-rays is, when the rays are directed towards a target that is of low density, they pass through the target uninterrupted. In case the target is of high density, like that of parts of human beings, the X-rays either get absorbed or are reflected. This occurs because of very less space between adjacent atoms in high density targets, which do not allow short waves to pass through. When the X-rays pass through completely through the target like in case of flesh, dark areas are seen on the screen. When they are blocked by high density targets like bones, they appear as light areas (Assmus, 14). It was Roentgen who discovered that X-rays basically originate from the tube at a point where the cathode rays strike the glass and then disseminate (Assmus, 14). He found that the origin point of X-rays moves as the rays coming from cathode are moved by a magnetic field. The X-rays however, are insensitive to magnet. Based on these findings, Roentgen concluded that X-rays are distinct f rom the rays emerging from the cathode, the cathode rays (Assmus, 14). "Roentgen justified calling the new phenomena rays because of the shadowy pictures they produce: bones in a hand, a wire wrapped around a bobbin, weights in a box, a compass card and needle hidden away in a metal case, the inhomogeneity of a metal" (Assmus, 14). Two years after Roentgen's discovery, which was basically radiation secondary to artificial ionization, a French scientist by name Henri Becquerel, discovered natural ionizing radiation from certain types of rocks. The radiation rays were similar to X-rays by Roentgen. The rocks were later refined by his colleagues Marie Curie and Pierre Curie to deliver radioactive substances radium, uranium and polonium. Radium is now being used to treat cancers (Linton, 26). Roentgen won Nobel Prize for his discovery in 1901. That was the first Nobel proze in Physics ever (Linton, 28). William Coolidge from General Electric Laboratories developed cathode X-ray tube tha t was an improved version and was hot. The X-ray machine was shielded suitably to prevent scattering of radiation that harmed the technicians. Thus, X-rays emerged from the tubes, known as Coolidge's tubes, through a lead shielded aperture. This method of exposure to X-rays allowed patients to be placed within a beam of X-rays and at the same time allowed others to be kept away from the beam. A further advancement in this method of X-ray exposure

Mktg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mktg - Essay Example use of recycled material is a strategy that is environmentally friendly because it reduces the need to use natural resources such as petroleum for packaging purposes. Another environmentally friendly packaging strategy is to reduce the amount of packaging material used. Companies can use environmentally friendly raw materials in their packaging process. Firm can also utilize reusable containers. Packaging specifications determined by product density encourage shippers to tender loads in densities that make the best use of the equipment’s weight and volume capabilities. Carrier specifications for protective packaging reduce the likelihood of damage to products while they are being carried. A principle that I found surprising out of the 10 material handling principles discussed in the chapter is the life cycle cost principle. I did not realize that companies have to pay close attention to the useful life of the equipment used for packaging. A second principle that I found surprising was the automation principle. To me automation was a technique that was only used for production purposes. In a fragmented logistic structure logistic activities are managed in multiple departments throughout an organization. A unified logistic structure is different because the logistic functions are handled by a single department. The unified logistic structure is better positioned than the fragmented structure to achieve coordination among the various activities. Relevancy can be facilitated by developing mutually beneficial relationships with key customers. Responsiveness reflects the degree to which an organization can accommodate unique or unplanned customer requests. Flexibility is predicated on avoiding early commitment to an irreversible course of action. One asset related productivity concern involves space utilization, or the percent of available space that is actually being used. Excess capacity can be unproductive because it may result in the purchase of additional

Organization within its environment Essay Example for Free

Organization within its environment Essay Organization exist as part of a wider environment Or part of society and as such their influence by the environment in which their operate. It is usual to consider the environment through form of analysis known as pest analysis which has 4 main categories ; political this looks at the government involvement through legislation that they provide outlining the legal frame work within which every business must exist and taxation policy which are dependent on company success and therefore their profit ECONOMIC Factors affecting the financial functioning of the organization and value of money in the economy which will affect the ability to purchase as well as produce goods n services . It looks at the potential growth in a economy and how the value of money changes as well as trade SOCIAL This refers to factors affecting the population and supply of labour by looking at the influences on individuals whether their are employees or customers . It will look at the taste n preferences of plp in society, culture of plp the profile of the workin population nn the number of plp in the job market which influences expectations and behaviour at work TECHNOLOGICAL Factors affecting the processes of production such as changes in computer technology and communication and new manufacturing processes MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS Management involves creating and internal environment in a business which makes use of the inputs or factors of production to be transformed tp create outputs of goods and services .it is therefore the responsibility of management to create conditions that allows people to perform to their best ability to be efficient and effective. MANAGEMENT is able to do this through their basic functions of planning organising directing amd controlling the organizations resources in order to achieve the goals of the company MANAGEMENT THEORY Organisations considered to be employee oriented so they are likely to be  more productive and as a result become more profitable. Similarly employees who are mistreated are more likely to reject the policies of the organization. Based on this o.b helps to analyze how and why employees behave in a particular way and the schools of management thought provide different theory used for the of management. Each school of thought IS based on different assumptions about people and the organization for which they work and understanding of the developments of management thinking will help to understand the process of management that offer good employee benefits and have proper working conditions.

Characterization in William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and “Macbeth” Essay Example for Free

Characterization in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† and â€Å"Macbeth† Essay William Shakespeare is regarded by many as one, if not the greatest writer of all time. It is interesting to note that his success is due to his tragedies. â€Å"Hamlet† and â€Å"Macbeth† are two of his best known work. Both titles deal with the tragedy of aristocratic people. Though, it appears that Shakespeare is fond of representing only one part of the society, he is actually talking about a very human flaw. Through the characters of his protagonists Hamlet and Macbeth, Shakespeare is suggesting that the real tragedy is found within one’s self. Initially, Shakespeare had characterized Macbeth as a brave warrior. The wounded captain tells the audience that Macbeth was wounded in the battlefield, suggesting that he had fought bravely. But as the plot progresses, the audience discovers that he is less admirable. This is immediately noticeable when Macbeth had met the witches. The witches told them that Macbeth would be the thane of Cawdor. Although, Macbeth says he does not want to think of the prophecy because the thane of Cawdor is still alive, he seems to ponder on the thought, â€Å"the thane of Cawdor lives: why do you dress me in Borrow’d robes?† There is a hint of irony in Macbeth words. It is like he wants to be thane of Cawdor but says he does not. Aside from mere false modesty, the audience would learn that Macbeth harbors within himself some self-doubt. If it was not for Lady Macbeth, Macbeth could have not done anything that he is certain he wants to do. On the other hand, Hamlet seems to be a more flawed character than Macbeth. He is constantly thinking about how to kill Claudius and exact revenge for his father. However, when he got his first chance to kill Claudius, he made a pass on the chance to do so. When Hamlet caught Claudius in prayer, he did not kill Claudius be cause he thought his father’s murderer might go to heaven. Perhaps a helpful quote to use is the famous â€Å"to be or not to be? † That line is a succinct description for Hamlet as he always contradicts himself. Shakespeare’s talent for being able to describe the complexity of the human brain, had made his works classics. Shakespeare seems to be more fond of the flaws of the thought process rather than physical flaws. That is in opposition to earlier works by other authors such as Oedipus Rex, where the protagonist has a deformed foot. Shakespeare’s protagonists are most of the time described as well-to-do. Both Hamlet and Macbeth are even admirable in the initial portions of their respective stories. But Shakespeare reveals that their flaws is on how they think. With Hamlet and Macbeth always contradicting themselves, a tragic conclusion seems inevitable. But their real tragedy is not because one would go insane and the other would be mortally wounded. Hamlet and Macbeth’s tragedy is that they themselves are the antagonists to their respective goals.

Care Of People With Learning Disabilities

Care Of People With Learning Disabilities Regardless of the above mentioned fact, a large majority of the population, in the UK continues to suffer from blatant neglect in terms of receiving quality health care. Although there are various services offered by the government at various levels to ensure proper care of patients, the more psychological and moral aspects of care for the soul and dignity in health care are usually ignored. This paper, aims to probe the various issues related to the element of dignity as it pertains to provision of health care of people suffering from learning disabilities, and explores the range of services available to them, at various stages of life, from birth till death. People with Learning Disabilities are one of the most Vulnerable groups in the society (Department of Health 2001). It is estimate that there are over 800,000 people in the UK aged over 20 years who have a learning disabilities and this number could be rise by 14 percent to 900,000 by 2021 (Department of Health 2005a). Dignity in care has become an important policy thrust for the people with learning disability and its a fairly recent trend for governments to feel that it is their role to enlighten people how to do their job rather than just set broad guidelines/policy parameters for the Health and social service (Wainwright. 2008) Meaning and Definition of the terms and Concepts used: The terms and / or concepts which are frequently used throughout this study, such as Dignity, Learning Disability, and Disenfranchised Death, are explained in the following section: The term Dignity is defined as: Dignity is concerned with how people feel, think and behave in relation to the worth or value of themselves and others. To treat someone with dignity is to treat them as being of worth, in a way that is respectful of them as valued individuals (RCN, 2008). Dignity in care consists of numerous overlapping phases which pertaining to respect, privacy, independence and self-esteem. The impermanent sense of dignity used as a guide which based on standard dictionary definition. At state, quality or manner worthy of esteem or respect ; and self-respect. Dignity in care, therefore, means the kind of care, in any setting, which supports and promotes, and does not undermine, a persons self-respect regardless of any difference. (A desk research report prepared for the Department of Health 2009): Learning Disability: In the UK in 1995 there was a ground swell of opinion and referred to as mentally handicapped their families and those who worked with them, brought about a change in terminology from mental handicapped to learning disability(M.Brown-2003). Learning disability includes the presence of: A significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning); and a condition which started before adulthood, with a lasting effect on development (Scottish Executive, 2010). Disenfranchised Death: Disenfranchised death is death that is not openly acknowledged with the dying person, where the dying person is socially excluded from the process of dying and deliberately excluded from the decision making processesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Read, 2006: 96) However, reviewing different context of learning disability care reveals a variety of ways in which the term has been defined several times (Department of Health 2001a, Gates 2003,Grant et al 2005, O Hara Sperlinger 1997). Within the United Kingdà Ã‚ ¾m leà Ã‚ °rning diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility iц¢ the term uц¢ed when referring tà Ã‚ ¾ Ñâ‚ ¬eà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬le with Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾gnitive imÑâ‚ ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ °irment. à Ã‚ rà Ã‚ ¾und the wà Ã‚ ¾rld termц¢ inÑ lude intelleÑ tuà Ã‚ °l diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility, develà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬mentà Ã‚ °l diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility, mentà Ã‚ °l hà Ã‚ °ndiÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬ à Ã‚ °nd mentà Ã‚ °l retà Ã‚ °rdà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾n. à Ã‚  leà Ã‚ °rning diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility iц¢ à Ã‚ ° life-là Ã‚ ¾ng Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nditià Ã‚ ¾n thà Ã‚ °t uц¢uà Ã‚ °lly beginц¢ à Ã‚ ¾n à Ã‚ ¾r à Ã‚ °rà Ã‚ ¾und the time à Ã‚ ¾f birth à Ã‚ °nd reц¢ultц¢ in à Ã‚ ° reduÑ ed à Ã‚ °bility tà Ã‚ ¾ underц¢tà Ã‚ °nd new à Ã‚ °nd Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾mÑâ‚ ¬lex infà Ã‚ ¾rmà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾n à Ã‚ °nd Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬e indeÑâ‚ ¬endently. Research Question: The basic research question this paper tries to address is: Dignity in health care for people with learning disabilities (LD): Fact or a Farce? Through this question an attempt is made to: Examine the range of services currently provided to people with learning disabilities. Whether such services are in conformity with the overall objectives set by the government. Whether there exists any discrimination or prejudice between people with learning disabilities and the normal public in providing such services. Whether the claims made by the government concerning equality and fair treatment of such people hold true. The answers to the above questions, as provided through the literature review will help in determining whether dignity in care for people with learning disabilities is a fact or a farce. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this study is to explore the issues related to dignity as it pertains to health care of people suffering from learning disabilities. The objectives include: To explore the range of challenges faced and problems encountered by people suffering from learning disabilities Assess the quality of health care services available to them Investigate the need for a comprehensive and an all-encompassing health care policy for such people To understand and compare the type of services offered and available to them To explore the role of carers, health care institutions and other support services in enhancing their status and ensuring their well-being. Ethics: The concept of ethics has evolved recently from the modest definition of the term that of conventional ethics, to its gradual transformation into various branches and sub-types such as bio ethics, ethics related to human rights and to the more recent, health policy ethics. Ethics in terms of health care refers to the equitable and fair distribution of resources, benefits and services among the people, regardless of their age, gender, race, ethnicity, socio-economic background or the kind of illness they are suffering with. Equity in treatment of illnesses, hence, is an inevitable and inseparable part of health care ethics. On account of growing concerns regarding the inequitable treatment given to people with learning disabilities the initiatives related to providing adequate and good quality health care have gained momentum. Activists worldwide, campaigning for the cause of provision of adequate health care facilities for people with various disabilities, have actively pushed for dignity in health care, especially towards people with learning disabilities. They have demanded a thorough review of policies and principles of health care to ensure dignity of such people. (Morrison, 2008). As the civilization confidently strides towards a new millennium, there is likely to be a rise in group of supporters campaigning for and advocating ethics in health care with a special stress on protecting and defending human dignity. Such a cause which is advocated by academic scholars, researchers, human right groups and activists alike, must, hence be taken up seriously and appropriate policies are developed at the local, regional as well as national levels to ensure compliance (Fulford et al, 2002). Ethics in general and in health care in particular, has undergone a major transformation from a concept which was initially confined to protecting the interests of an individual to a full-fledged social concern. Hence it is inevitable for the health care institutions to take such a matter into consideration while developing strategies and implementing health care policies, which involves people with learning and other developmental disabilities. Project Methods/Methodology: For the purpose of this study, phenomenological research methodology is chosen, whereby observations are made on the basis of data collected from trusted government websites such as the NHS, published research reports, medical journals, books as well as magazines and newspapers. In order to accomplish the research objectives, an attempt was made to explore, analyze and seek information related to qualitative studies which aimed at: Assessing the plight of people suffering from learning disabilities. The perception of such people towards the health care facilities made available by the government. The existence of various services and its effectiveness and addressing the key issues and challenges faced by such people. The need for trained carers and the knowledge which they must possess in order to be able to deal with such people, in a better and efficient manner. The various obstacles which may be encountered while dealing with patients suffering from learning disabilities right from detection to end-of-life care, etc among others. This research is based on the phenomenological research methodology, which takes into consideration the perspectives of other researchers, and research reports published by government departments comprising of first hand information and accounts of people suffering from learning disabilities. According to Dilthey, (in Rapport, 2004): The quest to understand more and better is essentially a qualitative pursuit that requires an experience-near language. It starts with experiences we already understand and expands and deepens these understandings into broader and different contexts through dialogue with otherness. Such understanding proceeds by a mode of analysis in which meaning arises out of relating parts to whole (Pp. 80) Literature review helps in assessing, analyzing and interpreting various studies conducted by scholars, and researchers with regard to the topic under study and helps in justifying and substantiating the research hypothesis. Literature reviews help in summarizing the various perspectives presented by the researchers with regard to the given topic and lend more credibility to the subject being discussed. According to Burns and Grove (2005): Literature review is an organized written presentation of what has been published on a topic by scholars. The purpose of the review is to convey to the reader what is currently known regarding the topic of interest (Pp.93). Literature Review: People with learning disabilities are often excluded within society also have little control over their own lives, and were more likely than others to have bad things happening in their lives (Joint Committee on Human Rights, 2008). People with learning disabilities, and particularly older ones, are among those groups of people who are faced with various barriers, such as access to good quality health care and equality in opportunities and health care services available to them, which add to their woes by making it all the more difficult to cope with their disability (Jenkins, 2005; Frey, 2006). People with learning disabilities comprise of a highly vulnerable section of the society and have limited access to health care facilities / services offered to them. Hence they are often faced with obstacles and challenges while copying with grave situations such as loss and bereavement of loved ones, personal illness, death etc (Elliott, 1995). which in turn tends to aggravate their situati on and increase their dependence on the society which includes their friends, family and loved ones as well as the community in general. They are known to have been ignored persistently in terms of providing services in the need of personal illness, death, and other challenging life situations, thus increasing their vulnerability all the more. One of the most common characteristics observed in case of people with learning disabilities, on the basis of various studies, is their inability to communicate effectively. Although some of them can communicate their thoughts, feelings, fears and emotions effortless, a majority of them find it difficult to communicate accurately, in a meaningful manner. Such a drawback, often leads to further serious complications, such as detection of any major health problems, thus putting their lives at risk (Gates, 2007; Great Britain: Joint Committee on Human Rights Report, 2008). According to Tuffrey-Wijne (2003), one of the most effective means of accurate medical assessment is appropriate and effortless communication and any irregularity in communicating issues related to ones health often, invariably leads to disastrous results, which affects the health of the individual in question, and leads to incorrect and undesirable outcomes. The outcome of ineffective communication and inability to communicate ones health problems is even more lethal in case of people with learning disabilities. According to Tuffrey-Wijne (1997) any inefficiency on the part of the individual suffering from learning disability, to communicate their health problems, may lead to a late diagnosis which further leads to an incorrect prognosis, and ultimately ends in untimely death of the individuals concerned. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS 1998) showed that 48% of people with learning disabilities have impairment in one sensory domain and 18% are doubly impaired. Most s ignificant issues are eating problem, nutrition, sleeping, respiratory function problems, foot care, skin conditions, pressure sores, bowel problems and gear disease (J.OHaraA.Sperlinger, 1997). Improved access to health care services for people with learning disabilities is a step ahead in ensuring their well being. Good quality physical and mental care services can go a long way in ensuring their long term safety. Furthermore increased commitment on the part of the carers and other health care service providers is probably one of the fastest and cheapest ways to ensure their better health. One of the most important and crucial elements of health care services is offering end-of-life care services to people with learning disabilities. Communication, with respect to people with learning disabilities, is not restricted to the mere transfer of thoughts to the other person/s but in fact, it includes the ability that other person, to whom the information is being communicated, to accurately interpret the thoughts being conveyed, respond promptly on the information made available to them, and ensure follow up. Such a form of reciprocal communication is an extremely important and fundamental survival tool, for people with learning disabilities. According to Kerr et al (1996) available statistics have indicated that as many as 50% of the people suffering from learning disability suffer from some form of communication impairment, which includes difficulties in cognition, hearing, language, speech or social interaction (Ambalu, 1997). This is a matter of grave concern for the care givers as well as the government health care institutions which are involved in providing health care services to people with disabilities. Another equally critical aspect, which is generally observed with regard to the people with learning disabilities, is the negative perception about such people among the common public, which in turn further gives rise to an equally negative reaction from people with learning disabilities which arises from the feeling that they are being negatively viewed (Gates, 2007). According to Thornton (1996), Lindop and Read (2000) and Read (2006) the major reasons behind such negative perception of people with learning disabilities is the lack of adequate knowledge as well as lack of professional experience which invariably leads to negative attitudes among people towards those with learning disabilities. According to Mencap (2004) such factors may further culminate into professional incongruity and prejudicial treatment, thereby further hampering their mental and physical well-being ultimately leading to institutional discrimination and poor health care for such people. Create awareness and b uild up interpersonal relationships with people with learning disabilities, consideration needs to be given to how to maintain relationships, using everyday opportunities to engage in valued conversation. Often, as carers, main interaction with people is associated with personal care (Ambalu in OHara Sperlinger1997). The government White Paper Valuing people: A new strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century (Department of Health 2001a) clearly set the agenda for us, in offering appropriate and effective support people with learning disabilities in their everyday lives. Critical Commentary: Learning Disability is a label. People with learning disability are people first. The British Institute of Learning Disabilities, 2010 Thus it is imperative that such people receive utmost care and quality health care services which, if not better, at par with the facilities and services enjoyed by the rest of the population, regardless of their mental / physical health. People, regardless of their backgrounds i.e. race, ethnicity, gender, age, or socio-economic backgrounds they belong to, have an equal and just right to have access to quality health care services, and the denial of such a basic right, is the denial of human rights. It has been observed, on the basis of the above research, that people suffering from learning disabilities are often victims of negative public perception and lack of professionalism displayed by the carers, which forces this group to succumb to their illnesses, which often goes undetected. Such disenfranchised deaths, are common among people with learning disability (Read, 2006) and hence requires active steps to be taken on the national level. In order to eliminate and / reduce the occurrence of such disenfranchised deaths among people with learning disabilities; it is necessary and extremely important for the general population to treat such people with dignity, and respect. They deserve an equal right to be treated as adults and equal citizens. Such a policy entails implementation of creative health care strategies specifically aimed at people with learning disability, as well as active participation and cooperation on the part of the carers, in order to ensure effective communication, which in turn, as observed from the above research, ensures better understanding of the problems faced by them, a prompt analysis and diagnosis and an effective treatment. Conclusion: Dignity in care is a very critical element of health care, and considering the fact that people with learning disabilities are amongst the largely socially disqualified and hence highly vulnerable, groups in the UK it requires immediate attention at both institutional as well as national level. People suffering from learning disabilities are socially ignored, and often are subject to prejudicial treatment, partly owing to lack of awareness and more so, on account of the lack of availability of opportunities. They rarely have proper employment and have little or no control over the carers who are appointed for looking after their well-being. Moreover their concerns are barely discussed on a wider platform. This situation is grave and calls for immediate change and positive reforms. People with learning disabilities are equally respectable members of the society and they need to be treated with dignity and care which they deserve. Concerns such as unemployment, proper health care, education, housing, social security, etc should be addressed by the government in association with the local councils and ensure its proper access to the people with in dire need of such services. Proper implementation of well designed policies and measures and synchronized co-ordination of all members of the community can go a long way in securing the well being of such people. It can be difficult at times, and extremely challenging but such positive practice by the health care service providers and carers alike can pave way for better networking, collaborative working and interdisciplinary support, thus ensuring their health and safety in the long run (BILD,2010).. It is imperative that the government and the leading health care institutions champion this cause, and instigate, lead and encourage such good practice initiatives by providing professional and well trained carers for people with learning disabilities. Hence gaining trust and building relationship over a period of time are important consideration not only establishing and maintaining relationships, but also in thinking about ending (I. Peate D. Fearns 2006). In conclusion, strict guidelines and policies are not enough at times, and it needs a collaborative effort on all fronts to strive to provide better care to people with learning disabilities.

Student ID Cards are Not Necessary for Safety :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Wearing Student ID Cards is Not Necessary for Safety "Stop right there, young lady!" echoed through the empty hall of White Knoll High School. I broke my fast stride and turned around slowly, slightly breathless from my power-walking. When I saw Mr. Johnston striding towards me with a pen in one hand and a pad in the other, I suddenly realized what else I had forgotten that morning. Before I could reach into my book-bag pocket for the ID I had yet to put on, Mr. Johnston was beside me and slipped me the small sticker. He shook his head and said, "Now, now, Tina. I thought you would have set a better example than that. Let's try to keep that ID on, okay?" With the sticker in one hand and my tardy slip in the other, I walked to the first block class that I was already ten minutes late for with the hanging cloud of after-school ID detention waiting for me the next day. Pushing my way through the stream of people trying to leave the school at 3:20 the next day, I found my way to the discipline office. Taking my place at the end of the line that stretched out of the room and halfway down the hall, I found myself listening to a discussion about why everyone else had detention that day. "Yeah, man. I had my ID card under my jacket so they couldn't see it." "Well, I'm here for an hour today, because I had to skip detention yesterday for a doctor's appointment." "Oh yeah? Well, I've got you all beat, 'cause I got two detentions yesterday. The first one was because I left my ID in my car. Then, my sticker wasn't showing, so I got another one." After listening to all their sob stories, I shared mine involving a faulty alarm clock, an early school bus, and just plain forgetfulness. Despite the shared pity of the group, we had all taken the detentions without complaint. The routine had gone on since the first day of school, and we all knew by tha t point that there was no escaping the punishment. After finally checking in with the poor teacher stuck with the task of watching over us that afternoon, I looked at the other students in the room with me.

The Treasure of the City of Ladies by Christine de Pisan Essay

The Treasure of the City of Ladies by Christine de Pisan Christine de Pisan’s book, The Treasure of the City of Ladies, explains in detail the various aspects of women’s lives during the late Medieval and Renaissance culture. She addresses all women of this time from those with power and authority to the poorest peasant women. Christine de Pisan focuses on three main areas of a women’s life during this time period. First she discusses the role of knowledge and education in the lives of the various women. Then she offers her advice to all the different women of varied backgrounds and social standards. She relates how all of these women are in fact connected due to common concerns. Finally, she depicts how men and women interact with one another. By describing the way in which women are treated by the men during this time, she portrays the typical relationship between men and women during Renaissance times. Women were expected to lead a very specific life, focusing on the men of their society. Throughout Christine de Pisan’s book, she refers to the three ladies of Virtue: Reason, Rectitude, and Justice. These ladies are the foundations of her teachings. She uses them to explain the relationship between men and women and how they view one another. The lady Prudence teaches all the women of that society about the â€Å"rules† they should follow in order to be good Renaissance women, specifically in their relations with men. â€Å"Now we would like to advance for their edification seven principal teachings, which according to Prudence are necessary to those who desire to live wisely and wish to have honour† (62). These teachings say that the women should love their husbands; they should live in peace with men. If they f... ...d the chance to lead a respectable life according to the â€Å"rules† of the ladies of Virtue. In the late Medieval and Renaissance time period, women had a strict standard to live up to. They should love their husbands, respect them, and obey their commands. The men in return fulfilled the women’s needs by supplying them with whatever they needed. The men and women lived with a mutual respect between themselves. Works Cited Author: Christine, de Pisan, ca. 1364-ca. 1431 Uniform Title: Livre des trois vertus. English Title: The treasure of the city of ladies, or, The book of the three virtues / Christine de Pisan ; translated with an introduction by Sarah Lawson. Published: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England ; New York, N.Y., U.S.A. : Penguin, 1985. ISBN: 014044453X (pbk.)

Process Drama Essay -- Theatre

Drama according to the Wikipedia free encyclopedia is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance, which comes from a Greek word (drao) meaning action. A dramatic production depends mostly on in-depth development of realistic characters dealing with emotional themes, it put the characters in conflict with themselves, others, society and even natural phenomena. According to Learning Stream, â€Å"drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action crisis and atmosphere designed to be acted by characters on a stage before an audience.† Process drama according free Wikipedia encyclopedia is a method of teaching and learning, where both the students and teacher are working in and out of role. Cecily O'Neill, Brian Way (et al) (1995) further postulates that it is a teaching methodology used to explore a problem, situation, theme or series of related ideas. Process drama is unscripted; it eliminates some of the elements that other genres of drama consist such as a script and writing and memorizing of the script. It entails mostly the use o language skills, listening and speaking but not reading, writing or memorizing. Because of this, process drama is appropriate for students of all ages, as there are no steadfast rules of how to perform and no script is needed. It is an imaginary world created by students and teachers to solve conflicts that arise daily, placing themselves in another person’s position. Process drama is a self motivated tool that assists facilitators to reflect in action. To reflect in action f acilitators strategize and constantly add creative and distinctive changes to situations that need a novel approach. Process drama is used to promote literacy among students. Literacy is developed, while a vast am... ...drama is an interesting activity to foster and facilitate the role of the teacher and the student in the classroom setting. In facilitating and fostering process drama facilitators and student work collaboratively to create an intrinsic, imaginative world where through dramatic presentations problems are solved and harmonious solutions to aspects of real life experiences is conjured. The principles of process drama are a vehicle that is used to execute the role of the student and facilitator in adding to successive novelty approach to process drama in our classroom setting. Works Cited O'Neill, Cecily (1995) Drama Worlds: A Framework for Process Dram (The Dimensions of Drama). Heinemann Drama. Bowell, P., Heap, Brian S. Planning Process Drama, pp. 28, Osbourn,s.Learning Smart .lifestreamcenter. Vygotsky, L.,(1978). The child’s Mind and Society.

Evaluating Historical Views of Leadership Essay

The process of evaluating historical aspects of leadership involved critically analyzing the commonalities and disparities among a group of influential leaders, such as Thomas Carlyle, Mohandas Gandhi, Niccolo Machiavelli and W.E.B Du Bois. Carlyle (1795-1881), a Scottish historian emphasized the importance of heroism that required men to be subordinated to the commander of men (Wren, 1995 p.53). Further analysis of the evaluation revealed theories of Gandhi and Machiavelli which produced evidence of conflicting viewpoints on the topic of violence among historical leaders throughout the ages. Gandhi‘s leadership style was against any acts of violence. He focused on using spiritual guidance to solve problems. Machiavelli’s leadership style believed in having mercy but also defending yourself if necessary. W.E.B Du Bois’s leadership style focused on educating black men to be great leaders. Each leader’s theories on the quality of acceptable leadership were different, yet acceptable in their communities, however, each leader presented various methods of effective leadership abilities, which will influence other leaders as they develop their theories. Commonalities and Disparities Thomas Carlyle, believed that the commander of men was superior, and all men were to be subordinated. Carlyle focused on the theory that leaders who exhibited themselves in a dignified manner embodied the qualities of a great leader (Carlyle, 1795-1881; Wren, 1995, p.53). Carlyle also emphasized that heroism existed in whoever embodied the spiritual qualities of a commander. Further examination of Carlyle’s leadership theory revealed that he believed that a leader who is a nobleman can be trusted by all people (Carlyle, 1795-1881; Wren, 1995, p.53). Niccolo Machiavelli’s theory of a leader was  described as someone who can lead men whether they abided by or disobey the law. Machiavelli also believed that leaders who can establish authority can be merciful, humane, but cautious. Mohandas Gandhi theory believed leaders should operate using self- control and discipline. Gandhi also described a powerful leader as someone who uses passive resistance (Gandhi, 1869-1984; Machiavelli, 1469-1527; Wren, 1995, p.68 &75). Finally W.E.B Du Bois was an advocate for educating black men, and he placed great emphasize on how education involved the training of one’s mind, body and surroundings (Du Bois, 1868-1963; Wren, 1995, p.78). Du Bois theory on learning is that people can be influenced by their surrounds and motivated by different groups of people. Critical Analysis After completing the commonalities and disparities involving three great leaders my critical evaluation has led me to the conclusion that even though these leaders embody the characteristic to be excellent facilitators and commanders, each leader lacks the ability to use effective communication skills. Previous research has suggested that the lack of communication can be confusing, misunderstanding and lethal. For example, Emperor Frederick 13th century ruler of the Holy Roman Empire conducted research to determine what language mankind had spoken at birth. The experiment involved isolating infants from hearing any communication until they spoke their first words. However, as a result of the experiment the babies died (Samata, 2012). Further studies have concluded that leaders who implement communication skills can establish their existence and define their image, but leaders who fail to communicate effectively and positively, risk damaging their reputation (Samata, 2012). Effective leadership requires leaders to be competent communicators, which is achieved by using clear and concise communication (Adubato, 2010). Furthermore, leaders who can use communication skills effectively, are able to comprehend and express ideas (Ringer, 2002; Tareq, 2008). Achieving effective oral communication skills requires leaders to limit words and phrases, which results in explaining their concepts and ideas. Levinson also states, leaders who use too many words have a tendency to ramble about non-relevant issues, however summarizing the main points, staying focused and avoiding distractions helps leaders discipline what information is relevant, resulting in  translating their thoughts into a profitable action faster (1968). Effective communication requires leaders to be prepared, organized and observant, giving leaders the ability to execute their message successfully (Showry & Manasa, 2012). Conclusion. By evaluating the leadership styles of historical leaders, I was able to understand how their theories influenced people throughout the ages. Carlyle, Gandhi, Machiavelli, and DuBois were all very influential leaders during their times in history. However, after comparing their similarities and disparities in theory and style, it is apparent that Carlyle viewpoints on what a great leader should be is entirely different from the perspectives of Gandhi, Machiavelli, and DuBois. Carlyle emphasized that all men should being entirely subordinate to their commander, and Gandhi believed in spirituality and taught leaders to focus on positive concepts. Machiavelli used a more drastic approach that required him to be prudent, be observant and maintain authority. Du Bois believed that black men should be educated. Further observation revealed that, even though, each leader embodied leadership qualities, using effective communication skills are essential to providing leaders with better communication technique, making the message clear and concise. Leaders have the ability to achieve effective communication skills by limiting their words and stating the main facts. Finally leaders who can improve communication skills, can empower people, and maintain stability. Reference Adubato, S. (2010). Communication is key to effective office team building. NJBIZ, 23(27), 9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/644992473?accountid=35812 Levinson, R. E. (1968). How to get through to people. Industrial Management, 10(5), 11. Ringer, R. (2002, Jul 28). Communication skills valued by employers. Pantagraph Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/252480712?accountid=35812 Tareq, N. A. (2008, Mar 06). Affective communication skills. Yemen Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/429795478?accountid=35812 Samata, P. (2012). Importance of Effective Communication Skills. Language In India, 12(10), 333-341. Showry, M., & Manasa, K. (2012). Effective Communication for Professional Excellence. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 6(1), 39-46. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Carlyle, T. The Hero as King (pp.53-54) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Du Bois, W .E.B. The Talented Tenth (pp.78-80) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Gandhi, M. Satyagraha (pp.72-77) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Machiavelli, N. How Princes Should Keep Faith (pp.67-68) New York, NY: The Free Press.

Introduction To Top Glove Corporation Berhad Essay

Top Glove Corporation was Started In 1991 In the Beginning Top Glove Company had just 1 Factory 3 Production lines and 100 Staff, but Now it Has Become the Most Successful and Largest Rubber Glove manufacture resulting in 25 factories which they had just 1 one when they started and now has 470 Production lines and a capacity to produce 41.1 Billion Gloves per Annum. Top Glove Corporation has more than 10 Branches Not In Malaysia but has also Spread In China and Thailand The Main Activities of Top Glove are Investment holdings and provision of Management services. Top Glove are one of the largest latex gloves, nitrile, surgical, household, Cleanroom,Vinyl and more types of glove Producer and meets High Quality Products and meets the Increasing expectations of the International Top Glove Corporation was Listed 2nd In Malaysian Bourse and within a year It was promoted to the Capital city of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (Bursa Saham) . It consists Shareholder fund worth 1.28Billion with an annual turnover which is almost 2.31Billion as at financial year ended 31 August 2012.Tan Sri Lim the Founder of Top Glove Achievements has A Huge Credit for Company’s Success Not Only Tan sri Lim But the Highly Committed and Motivation of Board of Directors Together with 11000 Strong Work Force. Customers are the Important Factor for Top Glove Company their motive is to Provide High Quality Products with affordable cost and To Provide them the best customer service. The Company is looking forward To Invest IN R&D IT and Automation to make sure to Improve The Quality and Production Efficiency. Looking At the Future Top Glove’s Objective is to Capture 30% of the Global Market share by 2015, (Top Glove, 2013) (EMIS, 2013) 1.1 TOP GLOVE CORPORATION VISION AND MISSION â€Å"We Strive to be the World’s Leading Manufacture with Excellent Quality Glove Products and Service enrich and Protect Human Lives† CORPORATE MISSION: â€Å"To Be World Class Glove Manufacturer by providing top Quality products with Excellent services through continuous Improvements and Innovation† (Top Glove, 2013) 1.2 KEY EXECUTIVES Wee Chai Lim Chairman Kim Meow LeeManaging Director Cheong Guan LimExecutive Director Siew Bee TongExecutive Director Arshad Bin AyubIndependent Non-Executive Director (Company) 1.3 CHAIRMAN LIM WEE CHAI PROFILE: (Top Glove Corporation Berhad, 2012) Lim Wee chai is a Malaysian citizen aged 54; He was graduated in Bachelor of Science degree in physics from University Malaya and completed his master degree in business administration Sul Ross State University in Texas, United States. Lim wee chai was appointed as a chairman at top glove corporation on 4th September 2000. Top glove Corporation Berhad was started with only 3 production lines under the Chairman lim wee chai Leadership and visions top glove have become world’s largest rubber glove producers and has captured 25% of the world market share. The company now has more than 23 factories and 457 production lines in Malaysia and on the other counties which are china and Thailand. The Production capacity is to produce 40 billion pieces of gloves per annum, over thousands of customer’s demand in more than 185 Countries. He has received 10 awards for his achievements success and contribution towards the Glove Industry (Top Glove Corporation Berhad, 2012) 2.0 INTRODUCTION TO HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD (Hartalega, 2013) Hartalega Berhad Manufacture and sell latex and Nitrile gloves.The company’s latex and Nitrile gloves consists of examination and Surgical, Laboratory, Clean room gloves, atomic power plant etc.It also deals in retail and wholesale of gloves, Property leasing research and development of automation systems. Hartalega was established in 1988 with the vision to produce gloves to protect the important thing which is Life, Hartalega Used to be  One line operation in the beginning but now it is one of the most largest Company with 53 Production lines, and a capability to produce 12 Billion gloves Per Year. Since the Start, Hartalega every single operation is been dedicated to Tradition of Excellence, they are delivering the best quality through state of the art equipment, high quality system and dedicated workers their products are high recognized all over the world Hartalega Success is Because of their loyal customers and Consistent improvements in quality of products, reliable service with efficiency by the culture of open and honest approach to business. Hartalega has Huge Market all over the world which are in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia Malaysia Hartalega is the company which has produced a lot types of products compare of it’s competitors and they are first one who has produced it which are Polymer Coated Powder-Free Examination Gloves, Low Protein Latex Examination Gloves, Robotic glove stripping system which helps to strip gloves off from the production lines, first one to produce high-stress relaxation NBR Examination and Surgical gloves, first industry to use oil Palm Empty fruit bunches as biomass fuel to produce heat for production process and Many More products which had produce 1st the Industry. Hartalega has earned a lot of Awards Because of their hard work, dedication and motivation. (Hartalega, 2013) (Businessweek, 2013) 2.1 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1. Kuan Kam HonExecutive Chairman and Managing Director 2. Chuah Phaik SimIndependent Non-Executive Director 3. Dato Mohamed ZakIndependent Non-Executive Director 4. Kuan Mun KengNon-Independent Executive Director 5. Kuan Mun LeongNon-Independent Executive Director 6. Liew Ben PohNon-Independent Non-Executive Director (Haralega, 2012) (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012) 2.2 HARTALEGA CHAIRMAN PROFILE: (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012) Kuan Kam Hon aged 65, Is the Executive chairman and Managing Director at  Hartalega, he was appointed on May 7, 2007. Kuan Kam Hon is responsible for all business strategic plannings and whole operations in the group including research and development, He started his Career in the construction company named kuan Yuen & Sons Company which was a well-known construction company in 1970’s, in 1981 he formed Hartalega Sdn Bhd Under his leadership Hartalega has now become a reputable producers of latex gloves in the industry in Malaysia and is public listed in bursa Malaysia. He has created a set of Management with Higher standards and encourages creativity and innovation to produce highly-skilled personnel. (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012) 3.0 RUBBER GLOVE INDSUTRY ANALYSIS The rubber demand has been increased rapidly high after the H1N1 Pandemic in 2010. Rubber glove industry is going to witness Lower demand as there is no Huge Disease found in Humans, Plants or Animals since last year, Rubber Glove Industry totally depends on its usage on medical sector, Industry has been facing recession time to time. Malaysia is the largest Producer and exporter of Rubber gloves at present, Malaysian industry of rubber gloves has high Demand all over the world, Top Producers of Rubber gloves are, Top Glove, Supermax, Kossan rubber industry and Hartalega. Malaysian Industry exports to the US, Europe, Latin America, China and India, Us is the largest Importer of Rubber Gloves as their expenditure on Health Care has gone high as percentage of GDP Since 2000. UK and European Countries are following the same trend of using more hygienic products. And is expected for other countries as well Demand for Rubber gloves Have Increased in Countries like India, China and Brazil in the recent years as they are more concerned to their healthcare and wants to use hygienic Products, Demand for lower-end powdered latex gloves is high in developing countries who are more cost conscious which is cheaper than powder-free latex and nitrile gloves, The Developed countries such as US and Europe prefer to use Powder-free latex and Nitrile gloves. (Koncept Analysis, 2012) 4.0 FUTURE OUTLOOK OF RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIES 4.1 HIGH DEMAND OF GLOVES: Rubber Glove Industry will be having long term  demand for their products from the highly developed Countries. Emerging economies may possibly drive high future demand as their population is increasing, they are more aware of the importance of hygienic products in medical sectors as will be having high demand of High quality of Healthcare products and services. Health Care Expenditures is increasing for most developed Countries, which has increased demand for gloves, which may affect increase in cost but still can be manageable. Gas and Labor cost are expected to be increase In 2013, but no sure if that can make a huge impact of Glove market (lee, 2012) 4.2 STABLE MARKET SHARE, CAPACITY TO INCREASE: Top 4 Glove Producers may not become M &A Targets. Kossan Rubber industry may have a chance of being such a target if we pick among the four Largest Producers. The Rubber Glove Companies are increasing their production capacity to remain in the competition. Annual Capacity growth is expected to be about 18% or 14.2BN pieces in 2013 (lee, 2012) 4.3 RISKS INVOVLED IN RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIES: Rubber Glove Industries can face various kinds of risks which are as follows: 1. Competitors in this Industry have aggressively expended their capacity plans this can result in an oversupply 2. Sharp instability in latex costs and foreign currencies resulting in near term margin squeeze 3. Political Risk, domestic and regional, Glove manufactures source 50% of their raw material from Thailand. Risk is low production of NR latex and lower supply at glove manufacturers 4. Infrastructural bottle necks and Labor Shortages : Supply of Malaysia’s Natural Gas is reached its maximum point to the Glove industries and new allocations are expected to come, any delay in new allocation will become a huge problem for Glove Industries for that they have to use alternative fuel for production with higher cost (Michelle Foong, 2012) 5.0 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 5.1 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR TOP GLOVE CORPORATION BERHARD 5.3 PROFITABLITY: Profitability ratios shows that profit earning capacity of a business for the sake of clear understanding profitability ratios classified into two categories general profitability ratios and overall profitability ratios, The gross profit margin ratio (or gross margin ratio) provides clues to the company’s pricing, cost structure and production efficiency. A low profit margin ratio indicates that low amount of earnings, required to pay fixed costs and profits are generated from revenues. (Thukaram, 2007). Top Glove Corporation gross profit margin has been increased as compare with the profit ratio in 2011 and 2012, 2011 it was 11.44% in 2012 its 16.63 same goes for net profit margin, but with less expenses. Top glove Corporation profit earning capacity has been increased impressively Profitability 2012 2011 Gross profit margin Net profit Margin Expenses margin 16,63 – 9,87 = 6.76% 11,44 – 6,57 = 4.87% 5.4 LIQUIDITY: Liquidity ratios provides information on the time structure of debt and the firm’s ability to meet its short term obligation Current ratio is balance-sheet financial performance measure of company liquidity. Current ratio indicates a company’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations. The current ratio measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. Quick ratio is viewed as a sign of a company’s financial strength or weakness; it gives information about a company’s short term liquidity. The ratio tells creditors how much of the company’s short term debt can be met by selling all the company’s liquid assets at very short notice. (Emilio Colombo, 2006).Liquidity ratios shows ability of the company to pay back its debts which top glove has improved  from 3.12:1 to 2.95:1 in 2012 LIQUIDITY 2012 2011 Current ratio Quick Ratio 5.5 EFFICIENCY: Efficiency ratios measure how efficiently a firm uses its resources. The average collection period shows the average number of days it takes your business to collect payment for sales to customers on credit, The accounts payable turnover ratio shows how quickly your business pays its bills and how often payables turn over during the year. Trends in the accounts payable turnover ratio demonstrates how your business handles its outgoing payments and can help you assess the cash situation of your business. This efficiency ratios shows that top glove fixed asset turnover has been increased from 2.9 in 2011 to 2.93% in 2012 debtors collection time has also slight more efficient compared to 2011 it was 47 days in 2012 it is 46 days meanwhile creditor payment is facing more delays compared to previous year which was 39days in 2011 turn into 44days in 2012 (Emilio Colombo, 2006) EFFICIENCY 2012 2011 Fixed asset turnover Debtors collection Creditor payment Stock Turnover 5.6 CAPITAL STRUCTURE: Capital Structure is a mix of a company’s long term debt, specific short-term debt, and common equity and preferred equity. The capital Structure is how a  firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. The interest coverage ratio indicates the extent of which earnings are available to meet interest payments. A interest cover ratio means less earnings are available to meet interest payments and that the business is more vulnerable to increases in interest rates. Capital Structure 2012 2011 Interest Cover Gearing ratio INVESTORS: Financial ratios are used to analyze company performance, Return of equities investors is much greater than that applied to debentures may be because this investment class have a huge risk, and ordinary shareholder are the best group of investors for an organizations. The Price earning ratio for an organization is used to compare the financial position of a company compare to other organizations, this means the better financial position of a company is according to PE Ratios the lower risks is for its investors and shareholders. Organizations which want to expand their dividends will seek to over a large amount of their earnings; whereas organizations which have high cash holdings are able to pay higher dividends if they wish to, the relation between dividends and earnings are calculated by dividend cover (Woods, 1999). Investors 2012 RM’000 2011 RM’000 ROCE ROE EPS 0,3277 0,1829 Earning Yield Dividend Payout Dividend Retention 1 – 0,478 = 0,52 1 – 0,59 = 0,41 6.0 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD 6.1 PROFITABLITY: These figures shows that Hartalega’s gross profit margin was 37.15% In 2011and it is Decreased in 2012 to 31.85%, Net profit margin is also decreased in 27.9% 2012 which was 33.4% in 2011 it tell that company is underperforming compared to last year’s performance. But expenses are decreased from 4.75% to 3.95% Profitability 2012 2011 Gross profit Net Profit Margin Expenses Margin 31,85 – 27,9 = 3.95% 37,15 – 32.4 = 4.75% 6.2 LIQUIDITY: This Table shows Liquidity of Hartalega Company their ability to pay their debts is Increased compared to 2011 which was 3.63:1 Now increased to 4.42:1 in current ratio. If we measure that in quick ratio it also shows an Increase from 2.81:1 to 3:28 Liquidity 2012 2011 Current Ratio Quick Ratio 6.3 EFFICIENCY: This table shows The Figures how Efficiently hartalega corporation is using their resources in 2011 their fixed asset turnover was 2.11 which is increased to 2.45% it tells us that and debtors collection period is decreased from 50 days to 46 days so they are collecting their debts earlier compared to previous year and creditor period in also decreased from 45 days to 35 days they are able to pay back their Creditors earlier than 2011 and stock turnover is also increased from 51 days to 56 days. This table tells us that hartalega is using their resources very efficiently Efficiency 2012 2011 Fixed asset turnover Debtors collection period Creditor payment Stock turnover 6.4 CAPITAL STRUCTURE: Capital Structure 2012 2011 Interest Cover Gearing Ratio INVESTORS: Investors 2012 2011 ROCE ROE EPS 0,2765 pence 0,2618 pence Earning Yield Dividend Payout Dividend Retention 1 – 0,43 = 0,57 1 – 0,29 = 0,71 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Rubber Glove industry has huge demand in market and in future it will be demanded even more Developed Countries and developing countries are very concerned to use Hygenic products in their medical sectors and so their medical care expenditures will be increasing the demand for Gloves will also be increasing. As For Under developed Countries If there is a hope for them to Increase their Economy and they will also be concerned to use hygienic products like other Developed Countries demand for the Rubber Gloves will go even higher. Malaysia has dominated the Rubber Glove Industry and Is the King of rubber gloves. Top Rubber and latex gloves manufacturing companies are In Malaysia So there is a lot more competition with in Malaysia on this Business and all the companies are trying to improve their   capacity top Glove Manufacturing companies In Malaysia are Top Glove and Hartalega which are performing extremely well in this business and their products are demanding all over the world. Malaysian Organizations are the largest world exports of rubber gloves industry where as other countries like Thailand have no Competition with Malaysian Industries the Biggest Strength of Malaysian industries are their labor production each worker in the rubber glove industry are three times more productive than Thailand and Indonesian workers. So there is Nothing to worry about at the moment that some Country Might take over their Market. There are few things Which has to be considered are political relations with other countries, Thailand supplies 50% of Raw Material to make gloves to Malaysia. Any Political Issue can cause a lot of problems to the Rubber Glove manufactures. Bibliography Businessweek, 2013. http://investing.businessweek.com. [Online] Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=HART:MK [Accessed 7 July 2013]. Emilio Colombo, L.S., 2006. Contribution to economics. In M.B. Werner A Muller, ed. Financial Market Imperfections and Corporate Decisions. New york: Physica-Verlag. p.174. EMIS, 2013. http://www.securities.com. [Online] Available at: http://www.securities.com/Public/company-profile/MY/Top_Glove_Corporation_Bhd_en_1663501.html [Accessed 7 July 2013]. Haralega, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual Report. Kuala Lumpur: Haralega Holdings Berhad. Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual report. Kuala Lumpur: Hartalega Holdings Hartalega Holdings. Hartalega, 2013. Hartalega.com. [Online] Available at: http://hartalega.com.my. [Accessed 7 July 2013]. Koncept Analysis, 2012. http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2097332/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012. [Online] Koncept An alsysis Available at: http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2097332/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012 [Accessed 8 July 2013]. lee, J., 2012. Malaysia Equity. Investment research daily, 1, p.23. Michelle Foong, 2012. Rubber Gloves Gloving the world. Research. Global Market Research Companies. Thukaram, R.M., 2007. Management Accounting. In Management Accounting. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International(P) Limited Publishers. p.588. Top Glove