Characterization in William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and “Macbeth” Essay Example for Free

Characterization in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† and â€Å"Macbeth† Essay William Shakespeare is regarded by many as one, if not the greatest writer of all time. It is interesting to note that his success is due to his tragedies. â€Å"Hamlet† and â€Å"Macbeth† are two of his best known work. Both titles deal with the tragedy of aristocratic people. Though, it appears that Shakespeare is fond of representing only one part of the society, he is actually talking about a very human flaw. Through the characters of his protagonists Hamlet and Macbeth, Shakespeare is suggesting that the real tragedy is found within one’s self. Initially, Shakespeare had characterized Macbeth as a brave warrior. The wounded captain tells the audience that Macbeth was wounded in the battlefield, suggesting that he had fought bravely. But as the plot progresses, the audience discovers that he is less admirable. This is immediately noticeable when Macbeth had met the witches. The witches told them that Macbeth would be the thane of Cawdor. Although, Macbeth says he does not want to think of the prophecy because the thane of Cawdor is still alive, he seems to ponder on the thought, â€Å"the thane of Cawdor lives: why do you dress me in Borrow’d robes?† There is a hint of irony in Macbeth words. It is like he wants to be thane of Cawdor but says he does not. Aside from mere false modesty, the audience would learn that Macbeth harbors within himself some self-doubt. If it was not for Lady Macbeth, Macbeth could have not done anything that he is certain he wants to do. On the other hand, Hamlet seems to be a more flawed character than Macbeth. He is constantly thinking about how to kill Claudius and exact revenge for his father. However, when he got his first chance to kill Claudius, he made a pass on the chance to do so. When Hamlet caught Claudius in prayer, he did not kill Claudius be cause he thought his father’s murderer might go to heaven. Perhaps a helpful quote to use is the famous â€Å"to be or not to be? † That line is a succinct description for Hamlet as he always contradicts himself. Shakespeare’s talent for being able to describe the complexity of the human brain, had made his works classics. Shakespeare seems to be more fond of the flaws of the thought process rather than physical flaws. That is in opposition to earlier works by other authors such as Oedipus Rex, where the protagonist has a deformed foot. Shakespeare’s protagonists are most of the time described as well-to-do. Both Hamlet and Macbeth are even admirable in the initial portions of their respective stories. But Shakespeare reveals that their flaws is on how they think. With Hamlet and Macbeth always contradicting themselves, a tragic conclusion seems inevitable. But their real tragedy is not because one would go insane and the other would be mortally wounded. Hamlet and Macbeth’s tragedy is that they themselves are the antagonists to their respective goals.

Care Of People With Learning Disabilities

Care Of People With Learning Disabilities Regardless of the above mentioned fact, a large majority of the population, in the UK continues to suffer from blatant neglect in terms of receiving quality health care. Although there are various services offered by the government at various levels to ensure proper care of patients, the more psychological and moral aspects of care for the soul and dignity in health care are usually ignored. This paper, aims to probe the various issues related to the element of dignity as it pertains to provision of health care of people suffering from learning disabilities, and explores the range of services available to them, at various stages of life, from birth till death. People with Learning Disabilities are one of the most Vulnerable groups in the society (Department of Health 2001). It is estimate that there are over 800,000 people in the UK aged over 20 years who have a learning disabilities and this number could be rise by 14 percent to 900,000 by 2021 (Department of Health 2005a). Dignity in care has become an important policy thrust for the people with learning disability and its a fairly recent trend for governments to feel that it is their role to enlighten people how to do their job rather than just set broad guidelines/policy parameters for the Health and social service (Wainwright. 2008) Meaning and Definition of the terms and Concepts used: The terms and / or concepts which are frequently used throughout this study, such as Dignity, Learning Disability, and Disenfranchised Death, are explained in the following section: The term Dignity is defined as: Dignity is concerned with how people feel, think and behave in relation to the worth or value of themselves and others. To treat someone with dignity is to treat them as being of worth, in a way that is respectful of them as valued individuals (RCN, 2008). Dignity in care consists of numerous overlapping phases which pertaining to respect, privacy, independence and self-esteem. The impermanent sense of dignity used as a guide which based on standard dictionary definition. At state, quality or manner worthy of esteem or respect ; and self-respect. Dignity in care, therefore, means the kind of care, in any setting, which supports and promotes, and does not undermine, a persons self-respect regardless of any difference. (A desk research report prepared for the Department of Health 2009): Learning Disability: In the UK in 1995 there was a ground swell of opinion and referred to as mentally handicapped their families and those who worked with them, brought about a change in terminology from mental handicapped to learning disability(M.Brown-2003). Learning disability includes the presence of: A significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning); and a condition which started before adulthood, with a lasting effect on development (Scottish Executive, 2010). Disenfranchised Death: Disenfranchised death is death that is not openly acknowledged with the dying person, where the dying person is socially excluded from the process of dying and deliberately excluded from the decision making processesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Read, 2006: 96) However, reviewing different context of learning disability care reveals a variety of ways in which the term has been defined several times (Department of Health 2001a, Gates 2003,Grant et al 2005, O Hara Sperlinger 1997). Within the United Kingdà Ã‚ ¾m leà Ã‚ °rning diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility iц¢ the term uц¢ed when referring tà Ã‚ ¾ Ñâ‚ ¬eà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬le with Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾gnitive imÑâ‚ ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ °irment. à Ã‚ rà Ã‚ ¾und the wà Ã‚ ¾rld termц¢ inÑ lude intelleÑ tuà Ã‚ °l diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility, develà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬mentà Ã‚ °l diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility, mentà Ã‚ °l hà Ã‚ °ndiÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬ à Ã‚ °nd mentà Ã‚ °l retà Ã‚ °rdà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾n. à Ã‚  leà Ã‚ °rning diц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ °bility iц¢ à Ã‚ ° life-là Ã‚ ¾ng Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nditià Ã‚ ¾n thà Ã‚ °t uц¢uà Ã‚ °lly beginц¢ à Ã‚ ¾n à Ã‚ ¾r à Ã‚ °rà Ã‚ ¾und the time à Ã‚ ¾f birth à Ã‚ °nd reц¢ultц¢ in à Ã‚ ° reduÑ ed à Ã‚ °bility tà Ã‚ ¾ underц¢tà Ã‚ °nd new à Ã‚ °nd Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾mÑâ‚ ¬lex infà Ã‚ ¾rmà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾n à Ã‚ °nd Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬e indeÑâ‚ ¬endently. Research Question: The basic research question this paper tries to address is: Dignity in health care for people with learning disabilities (LD): Fact or a Farce? Through this question an attempt is made to: Examine the range of services currently provided to people with learning disabilities. Whether such services are in conformity with the overall objectives set by the government. Whether there exists any discrimination or prejudice between people with learning disabilities and the normal public in providing such services. Whether the claims made by the government concerning equality and fair treatment of such people hold true. The answers to the above questions, as provided through the literature review will help in determining whether dignity in care for people with learning disabilities is a fact or a farce. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this study is to explore the issues related to dignity as it pertains to health care of people suffering from learning disabilities. The objectives include: To explore the range of challenges faced and problems encountered by people suffering from learning disabilities Assess the quality of health care services available to them Investigate the need for a comprehensive and an all-encompassing health care policy for such people To understand and compare the type of services offered and available to them To explore the role of carers, health care institutions and other support services in enhancing their status and ensuring their well-being. Ethics: The concept of ethics has evolved recently from the modest definition of the term that of conventional ethics, to its gradual transformation into various branches and sub-types such as bio ethics, ethics related to human rights and to the more recent, health policy ethics. Ethics in terms of health care refers to the equitable and fair distribution of resources, benefits and services among the people, regardless of their age, gender, race, ethnicity, socio-economic background or the kind of illness they are suffering with. Equity in treatment of illnesses, hence, is an inevitable and inseparable part of health care ethics. On account of growing concerns regarding the inequitable treatment given to people with learning disabilities the initiatives related to providing adequate and good quality health care have gained momentum. Activists worldwide, campaigning for the cause of provision of adequate health care facilities for people with various disabilities, have actively pushed for dignity in health care, especially towards people with learning disabilities. They have demanded a thorough review of policies and principles of health care to ensure dignity of such people. (Morrison, 2008). As the civilization confidently strides towards a new millennium, there is likely to be a rise in group of supporters campaigning for and advocating ethics in health care with a special stress on protecting and defending human dignity. Such a cause which is advocated by academic scholars, researchers, human right groups and activists alike, must, hence be taken up seriously and appropriate policies are developed at the local, regional as well as national levels to ensure compliance (Fulford et al, 2002). Ethics in general and in health care in particular, has undergone a major transformation from a concept which was initially confined to protecting the interests of an individual to a full-fledged social concern. Hence it is inevitable for the health care institutions to take such a matter into consideration while developing strategies and implementing health care policies, which involves people with learning and other developmental disabilities. Project Methods/Methodology: For the purpose of this study, phenomenological research methodology is chosen, whereby observations are made on the basis of data collected from trusted government websites such as the NHS, published research reports, medical journals, books as well as magazines and newspapers. In order to accomplish the research objectives, an attempt was made to explore, analyze and seek information related to qualitative studies which aimed at: Assessing the plight of people suffering from learning disabilities. The perception of such people towards the health care facilities made available by the government. The existence of various services and its effectiveness and addressing the key issues and challenges faced by such people. The need for trained carers and the knowledge which they must possess in order to be able to deal with such people, in a better and efficient manner. The various obstacles which may be encountered while dealing with patients suffering from learning disabilities right from detection to end-of-life care, etc among others. This research is based on the phenomenological research methodology, which takes into consideration the perspectives of other researchers, and research reports published by government departments comprising of first hand information and accounts of people suffering from learning disabilities. According to Dilthey, (in Rapport, 2004): The quest to understand more and better is essentially a qualitative pursuit that requires an experience-near language. It starts with experiences we already understand and expands and deepens these understandings into broader and different contexts through dialogue with otherness. Such understanding proceeds by a mode of analysis in which meaning arises out of relating parts to whole (Pp. 80) Literature review helps in assessing, analyzing and interpreting various studies conducted by scholars, and researchers with regard to the topic under study and helps in justifying and substantiating the research hypothesis. Literature reviews help in summarizing the various perspectives presented by the researchers with regard to the given topic and lend more credibility to the subject being discussed. According to Burns and Grove (2005): Literature review is an organized written presentation of what has been published on a topic by scholars. The purpose of the review is to convey to the reader what is currently known regarding the topic of interest (Pp.93). Literature Review: People with learning disabilities are often excluded within society also have little control over their own lives, and were more likely than others to have bad things happening in their lives (Joint Committee on Human Rights, 2008). People with learning disabilities, and particularly older ones, are among those groups of people who are faced with various barriers, such as access to good quality health care and equality in opportunities and health care services available to them, which add to their woes by making it all the more difficult to cope with their disability (Jenkins, 2005; Frey, 2006). People with learning disabilities comprise of a highly vulnerable section of the society and have limited access to health care facilities / services offered to them. Hence they are often faced with obstacles and challenges while copying with grave situations such as loss and bereavement of loved ones, personal illness, death etc (Elliott, 1995). which in turn tends to aggravate their situati on and increase their dependence on the society which includes their friends, family and loved ones as well as the community in general. They are known to have been ignored persistently in terms of providing services in the need of personal illness, death, and other challenging life situations, thus increasing their vulnerability all the more. One of the most common characteristics observed in case of people with learning disabilities, on the basis of various studies, is their inability to communicate effectively. Although some of them can communicate their thoughts, feelings, fears and emotions effortless, a majority of them find it difficult to communicate accurately, in a meaningful manner. Such a drawback, often leads to further serious complications, such as detection of any major health problems, thus putting their lives at risk (Gates, 2007; Great Britain: Joint Committee on Human Rights Report, 2008). According to Tuffrey-Wijne (2003), one of the most effective means of accurate medical assessment is appropriate and effortless communication and any irregularity in communicating issues related to ones health often, invariably leads to disastrous results, which affects the health of the individual in question, and leads to incorrect and undesirable outcomes. The outcome of ineffective communication and inability to communicate ones health problems is even more lethal in case of people with learning disabilities. According to Tuffrey-Wijne (1997) any inefficiency on the part of the individual suffering from learning disability, to communicate their health problems, may lead to a late diagnosis which further leads to an incorrect prognosis, and ultimately ends in untimely death of the individuals concerned. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS 1998) showed that 48% of people with learning disabilities have impairment in one sensory domain and 18% are doubly impaired. Most s ignificant issues are eating problem, nutrition, sleeping, respiratory function problems, foot care, skin conditions, pressure sores, bowel problems and gear disease (J.OHaraA.Sperlinger, 1997). Improved access to health care services for people with learning disabilities is a step ahead in ensuring their well being. Good quality physical and mental care services can go a long way in ensuring their long term safety. Furthermore increased commitment on the part of the carers and other health care service providers is probably one of the fastest and cheapest ways to ensure their better health. One of the most important and crucial elements of health care services is offering end-of-life care services to people with learning disabilities. Communication, with respect to people with learning disabilities, is not restricted to the mere transfer of thoughts to the other person/s but in fact, it includes the ability that other person, to whom the information is being communicated, to accurately interpret the thoughts being conveyed, respond promptly on the information made available to them, and ensure follow up. Such a form of reciprocal communication is an extremely important and fundamental survival tool, for people with learning disabilities. According to Kerr et al (1996) available statistics have indicated that as many as 50% of the people suffering from learning disability suffer from some form of communication impairment, which includes difficulties in cognition, hearing, language, speech or social interaction (Ambalu, 1997). This is a matter of grave concern for the care givers as well as the government health care institutions which are involved in providing health care services to people with disabilities. Another equally critical aspect, which is generally observed with regard to the people with learning disabilities, is the negative perception about such people among the common public, which in turn further gives rise to an equally negative reaction from people with learning disabilities which arises from the feeling that they are being negatively viewed (Gates, 2007). According to Thornton (1996), Lindop and Read (2000) and Read (2006) the major reasons behind such negative perception of people with learning disabilities is the lack of adequate knowledge as well as lack of professional experience which invariably leads to negative attitudes among people towards those with learning disabilities. According to Mencap (2004) such factors may further culminate into professional incongruity and prejudicial treatment, thereby further hampering their mental and physical well-being ultimately leading to institutional discrimination and poor health care for such people. Create awareness and b uild up interpersonal relationships with people with learning disabilities, consideration needs to be given to how to maintain relationships, using everyday opportunities to engage in valued conversation. Often, as carers, main interaction with people is associated with personal care (Ambalu in OHara Sperlinger1997). The government White Paper Valuing people: A new strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century (Department of Health 2001a) clearly set the agenda for us, in offering appropriate and effective support people with learning disabilities in their everyday lives. Critical Commentary: Learning Disability is a label. People with learning disability are people first. The British Institute of Learning Disabilities, 2010 Thus it is imperative that such people receive utmost care and quality health care services which, if not better, at par with the facilities and services enjoyed by the rest of the population, regardless of their mental / physical health. People, regardless of their backgrounds i.e. race, ethnicity, gender, age, or socio-economic backgrounds they belong to, have an equal and just right to have access to quality health care services, and the denial of such a basic right, is the denial of human rights. It has been observed, on the basis of the above research, that people suffering from learning disabilities are often victims of negative public perception and lack of professionalism displayed by the carers, which forces this group to succumb to their illnesses, which often goes undetected. Such disenfranchised deaths, are common among people with learning disability (Read, 2006) and hence requires active steps to be taken on the national level. In order to eliminate and / reduce the occurrence of such disenfranchised deaths among people with learning disabilities; it is necessary and extremely important for the general population to treat such people with dignity, and respect. They deserve an equal right to be treated as adults and equal citizens. Such a policy entails implementation of creative health care strategies specifically aimed at people with learning disability, as well as active participation and cooperation on the part of the carers, in order to ensure effective communication, which in turn, as observed from the above research, ensures better understanding of the problems faced by them, a prompt analysis and diagnosis and an effective treatment. Conclusion: Dignity in care is a very critical element of health care, and considering the fact that people with learning disabilities are amongst the largely socially disqualified and hence highly vulnerable, groups in the UK it requires immediate attention at both institutional as well as national level. People suffering from learning disabilities are socially ignored, and often are subject to prejudicial treatment, partly owing to lack of awareness and more so, on account of the lack of availability of opportunities. They rarely have proper employment and have little or no control over the carers who are appointed for looking after their well-being. Moreover their concerns are barely discussed on a wider platform. This situation is grave and calls for immediate change and positive reforms. People with learning disabilities are equally respectable members of the society and they need to be treated with dignity and care which they deserve. Concerns such as unemployment, proper health care, education, housing, social security, etc should be addressed by the government in association with the local councils and ensure its proper access to the people with in dire need of such services. Proper implementation of well designed policies and measures and synchronized co-ordination of all members of the community can go a long way in securing the well being of such people. It can be difficult at times, and extremely challenging but such positive practice by the health care service providers and carers alike can pave way for better networking, collaborative working and interdisciplinary support, thus ensuring their health and safety in the long run (BILD,2010).. It is imperative that the government and the leading health care institutions champion this cause, and instigate, lead and encourage such good practice initiatives by providing professional and well trained carers for people with learning disabilities. Hence gaining trust and building relationship over a period of time are important consideration not only establishing and maintaining relationships, but also in thinking about ending (I. Peate D. Fearns 2006). In conclusion, strict guidelines and policies are not enough at times, and it needs a collaborative effort on all fronts to strive to provide better care to people with learning disabilities.

Student ID Cards are Not Necessary for Safety :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Wearing Student ID Cards is Not Necessary for Safety "Stop right there, young lady!" echoed through the empty hall of White Knoll High School. I broke my fast stride and turned around slowly, slightly breathless from my power-walking. When I saw Mr. Johnston striding towards me with a pen in one hand and a pad in the other, I suddenly realized what else I had forgotten that morning. Before I could reach into my book-bag pocket for the ID I had yet to put on, Mr. Johnston was beside me and slipped me the small sticker. He shook his head and said, "Now, now, Tina. I thought you would have set a better example than that. Let's try to keep that ID on, okay?" With the sticker in one hand and my tardy slip in the other, I walked to the first block class that I was already ten minutes late for with the hanging cloud of after-school ID detention waiting for me the next day. Pushing my way through the stream of people trying to leave the school at 3:20 the next day, I found my way to the discipline office. Taking my place at the end of the line that stretched out of the room and halfway down the hall, I found myself listening to a discussion about why everyone else had detention that day. "Yeah, man. I had my ID card under my jacket so they couldn't see it." "Well, I'm here for an hour today, because I had to skip detention yesterday for a doctor's appointment." "Oh yeah? Well, I've got you all beat, 'cause I got two detentions yesterday. The first one was because I left my ID in my car. Then, my sticker wasn't showing, so I got another one." After listening to all their sob stories, I shared mine involving a faulty alarm clock, an early school bus, and just plain forgetfulness. Despite the shared pity of the group, we had all taken the detentions without complaint. The routine had gone on since the first day of school, and we all knew by tha t point that there was no escaping the punishment. After finally checking in with the poor teacher stuck with the task of watching over us that afternoon, I looked at the other students in the room with me.

The Treasure of the City of Ladies by Christine de Pisan Essay

The Treasure of the City of Ladies by Christine de Pisan Christine de Pisan’s book, The Treasure of the City of Ladies, explains in detail the various aspects of women’s lives during the late Medieval and Renaissance culture. She addresses all women of this time from those with power and authority to the poorest peasant women. Christine de Pisan focuses on three main areas of a women’s life during this time period. First she discusses the role of knowledge and education in the lives of the various women. Then she offers her advice to all the different women of varied backgrounds and social standards. She relates how all of these women are in fact connected due to common concerns. Finally, she depicts how men and women interact with one another. By describing the way in which women are treated by the men during this time, she portrays the typical relationship between men and women during Renaissance times. Women were expected to lead a very specific life, focusing on the men of their society. Throughout Christine de Pisan’s book, she refers to the three ladies of Virtue: Reason, Rectitude, and Justice. These ladies are the foundations of her teachings. She uses them to explain the relationship between men and women and how they view one another. The lady Prudence teaches all the women of that society about the â€Å"rules† they should follow in order to be good Renaissance women, specifically in their relations with men. â€Å"Now we would like to advance for their edification seven principal teachings, which according to Prudence are necessary to those who desire to live wisely and wish to have honour† (62). These teachings say that the women should love their husbands; they should live in peace with men. If they f... ...d the chance to lead a respectable life according to the â€Å"rules† of the ladies of Virtue. In the late Medieval and Renaissance time period, women had a strict standard to live up to. They should love their husbands, respect them, and obey their commands. The men in return fulfilled the women’s needs by supplying them with whatever they needed. The men and women lived with a mutual respect between themselves. Works Cited Author: Christine, de Pisan, ca. 1364-ca. 1431 Uniform Title: Livre des trois vertus. English Title: The treasure of the city of ladies, or, The book of the three virtues / Christine de Pisan ; translated with an introduction by Sarah Lawson. Published: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England ; New York, N.Y., U.S.A. : Penguin, 1985. ISBN: 014044453X (pbk.)

Process Drama Essay -- Theatre

Drama according to the Wikipedia free encyclopedia is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance, which comes from a Greek word (drao) meaning action. A dramatic production depends mostly on in-depth development of realistic characters dealing with emotional themes, it put the characters in conflict with themselves, others, society and even natural phenomena. According to Learning Stream, â€Å"drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action crisis and atmosphere designed to be acted by characters on a stage before an audience.† Process drama according free Wikipedia encyclopedia is a method of teaching and learning, where both the students and teacher are working in and out of role. Cecily O'Neill, Brian Way (et al) (1995) further postulates that it is a teaching methodology used to explore a problem, situation, theme or series of related ideas. Process drama is unscripted; it eliminates some of the elements that other genres of drama consist such as a script and writing and memorizing of the script. It entails mostly the use o language skills, listening and speaking but not reading, writing or memorizing. Because of this, process drama is appropriate for students of all ages, as there are no steadfast rules of how to perform and no script is needed. It is an imaginary world created by students and teachers to solve conflicts that arise daily, placing themselves in another person’s position. Process drama is a self motivated tool that assists facilitators to reflect in action. To reflect in action f acilitators strategize and constantly add creative and distinctive changes to situations that need a novel approach. Process drama is used to promote literacy among students. Literacy is developed, while a vast am... ...drama is an interesting activity to foster and facilitate the role of the teacher and the student in the classroom setting. In facilitating and fostering process drama facilitators and student work collaboratively to create an intrinsic, imaginative world where through dramatic presentations problems are solved and harmonious solutions to aspects of real life experiences is conjured. The principles of process drama are a vehicle that is used to execute the role of the student and facilitator in adding to successive novelty approach to process drama in our classroom setting. Works Cited O'Neill, Cecily (1995) Drama Worlds: A Framework for Process Dram (The Dimensions of Drama). Heinemann Drama. Bowell, P., Heap, Brian S. Planning Process Drama, pp. 28, Osbourn,s.Learning Smart .lifestreamcenter. Vygotsky, L.,(1978). The child’s Mind and Society.

Evaluating Historical Views of Leadership Essay

The process of evaluating historical aspects of leadership involved critically analyzing the commonalities and disparities among a group of influential leaders, such as Thomas Carlyle, Mohandas Gandhi, Niccolo Machiavelli and W.E.B Du Bois. Carlyle (1795-1881), a Scottish historian emphasized the importance of heroism that required men to be subordinated to the commander of men (Wren, 1995 p.53). Further analysis of the evaluation revealed theories of Gandhi and Machiavelli which produced evidence of conflicting viewpoints on the topic of violence among historical leaders throughout the ages. Gandhi‘s leadership style was against any acts of violence. He focused on using spiritual guidance to solve problems. Machiavelli’s leadership style believed in having mercy but also defending yourself if necessary. W.E.B Du Bois’s leadership style focused on educating black men to be great leaders. Each leader’s theories on the quality of acceptable leadership were different, yet acceptable in their communities, however, each leader presented various methods of effective leadership abilities, which will influence other leaders as they develop their theories. Commonalities and Disparities Thomas Carlyle, believed that the commander of men was superior, and all men were to be subordinated. Carlyle focused on the theory that leaders who exhibited themselves in a dignified manner embodied the qualities of a great leader (Carlyle, 1795-1881; Wren, 1995, p.53). Carlyle also emphasized that heroism existed in whoever embodied the spiritual qualities of a commander. Further examination of Carlyle’s leadership theory revealed that he believed that a leader who is a nobleman can be trusted by all people (Carlyle, 1795-1881; Wren, 1995, p.53). Niccolo Machiavelli’s theory of a leader was  described as someone who can lead men whether they abided by or disobey the law. Machiavelli also believed that leaders who can establish authority can be merciful, humane, but cautious. Mohandas Gandhi theory believed leaders should operate using self- control and discipline. Gandhi also described a powerful leader as someone who uses passive resistance (Gandhi, 1869-1984; Machiavelli, 1469-1527; Wren, 1995, p.68 &75). Finally W.E.B Du Bois was an advocate for educating black men, and he placed great emphasize on how education involved the training of one’s mind, body and surroundings (Du Bois, 1868-1963; Wren, 1995, p.78). Du Bois theory on learning is that people can be influenced by their surrounds and motivated by different groups of people. Critical Analysis After completing the commonalities and disparities involving three great leaders my critical evaluation has led me to the conclusion that even though these leaders embody the characteristic to be excellent facilitators and commanders, each leader lacks the ability to use effective communication skills. Previous research has suggested that the lack of communication can be confusing, misunderstanding and lethal. For example, Emperor Frederick 13th century ruler of the Holy Roman Empire conducted research to determine what language mankind had spoken at birth. The experiment involved isolating infants from hearing any communication until they spoke their first words. However, as a result of the experiment the babies died (Samata, 2012). Further studies have concluded that leaders who implement communication skills can establish their existence and define their image, but leaders who fail to communicate effectively and positively, risk damaging their reputation (Samata, 2012). Effective leadership requires leaders to be competent communicators, which is achieved by using clear and concise communication (Adubato, 2010). Furthermore, leaders who can use communication skills effectively, are able to comprehend and express ideas (Ringer, 2002; Tareq, 2008). Achieving effective oral communication skills requires leaders to limit words and phrases, which results in explaining their concepts and ideas. Levinson also states, leaders who use too many words have a tendency to ramble about non-relevant issues, however summarizing the main points, staying focused and avoiding distractions helps leaders discipline what information is relevant, resulting in  translating their thoughts into a profitable action faster (1968). Effective communication requires leaders to be prepared, organized and observant, giving leaders the ability to execute their message successfully (Showry & Manasa, 2012). Conclusion. By evaluating the leadership styles of historical leaders, I was able to understand how their theories influenced people throughout the ages. Carlyle, Gandhi, Machiavelli, and DuBois were all very influential leaders during their times in history. However, after comparing their similarities and disparities in theory and style, it is apparent that Carlyle viewpoints on what a great leader should be is entirely different from the perspectives of Gandhi, Machiavelli, and DuBois. Carlyle emphasized that all men should being entirely subordinate to their commander, and Gandhi believed in spirituality and taught leaders to focus on positive concepts. Machiavelli used a more drastic approach that required him to be prudent, be observant and maintain authority. Du Bois believed that black men should be educated. Further observation revealed that, even though, each leader embodied leadership qualities, using effective communication skills are essential to providing leaders with better communication technique, making the message clear and concise. Leaders have the ability to achieve effective communication skills by limiting their words and stating the main facts. Finally leaders who can improve communication skills, can empower people, and maintain stability. Reference Adubato, S. (2010). Communication is key to effective office team building. NJBIZ, 23(27), 9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/644992473?accountid=35812 Levinson, R. E. (1968). How to get through to people. Industrial Management, 10(5), 11. Ringer, R. (2002, Jul 28). Communication skills valued by employers. Pantagraph Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/252480712?accountid=35812 Tareq, N. A. (2008, Mar 06). Affective communication skills. Yemen Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/429795478?accountid=35812 Samata, P. (2012). Importance of Effective Communication Skills. Language In India, 12(10), 333-341. Showry, M., & Manasa, K. (2012). Effective Communication for Professional Excellence. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 6(1), 39-46. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Carlyle, T. The Hero as King (pp.53-54) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Du Bois, W .E.B. The Talented Tenth (pp.78-80) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Gandhi, M. Satyagraha (pp.72-77) New York, NY: The Free Press. Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. Machiavelli, N. How Princes Should Keep Faith (pp.67-68) New York, NY: The Free Press.

Introduction To Top Glove Corporation Berhad Essay

Top Glove Corporation was Started In 1991 In the Beginning Top Glove Company had just 1 Factory 3 Production lines and 100 Staff, but Now it Has Become the Most Successful and Largest Rubber Glove manufacture resulting in 25 factories which they had just 1 one when they started and now has 470 Production lines and a capacity to produce 41.1 Billion Gloves per Annum. Top Glove Corporation has more than 10 Branches Not In Malaysia but has also Spread In China and Thailand The Main Activities of Top Glove are Investment holdings and provision of Management services. Top Glove are one of the largest latex gloves, nitrile, surgical, household, Cleanroom,Vinyl and more types of glove Producer and meets High Quality Products and meets the Increasing expectations of the International Top Glove Corporation was Listed 2nd In Malaysian Bourse and within a year It was promoted to the Capital city of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (Bursa Saham) . It consists Shareholder fund worth 1.28Billion with an annual turnover which is almost 2.31Billion as at financial year ended 31 August 2012.Tan Sri Lim the Founder of Top Glove Achievements has A Huge Credit for Company’s Success Not Only Tan sri Lim But the Highly Committed and Motivation of Board of Directors Together with 11000 Strong Work Force. Customers are the Important Factor for Top Glove Company their motive is to Provide High Quality Products with affordable cost and To Provide them the best customer service. The Company is looking forward To Invest IN R&D IT and Automation to make sure to Improve The Quality and Production Efficiency. Looking At the Future Top Glove’s Objective is to Capture 30% of the Global Market share by 2015, (Top Glove, 2013) (EMIS, 2013) 1.1 TOP GLOVE CORPORATION VISION AND MISSION â€Å"We Strive to be the World’s Leading Manufacture with Excellent Quality Glove Products and Service enrich and Protect Human Lives† CORPORATE MISSION: â€Å"To Be World Class Glove Manufacturer by providing top Quality products with Excellent services through continuous Improvements and Innovation† (Top Glove, 2013) 1.2 KEY EXECUTIVES Wee Chai Lim Chairman Kim Meow LeeManaging Director Cheong Guan LimExecutive Director Siew Bee TongExecutive Director Arshad Bin AyubIndependent Non-Executive Director (Company) 1.3 CHAIRMAN LIM WEE CHAI PROFILE: (Top Glove Corporation Berhad, 2012) Lim Wee chai is a Malaysian citizen aged 54; He was graduated in Bachelor of Science degree in physics from University Malaya and completed his master degree in business administration Sul Ross State University in Texas, United States. Lim wee chai was appointed as a chairman at top glove corporation on 4th September 2000. Top glove Corporation Berhad was started with only 3 production lines under the Chairman lim wee chai Leadership and visions top glove have become world’s largest rubber glove producers and has captured 25% of the world market share. The company now has more than 23 factories and 457 production lines in Malaysia and on the other counties which are china and Thailand. The Production capacity is to produce 40 billion pieces of gloves per annum, over thousands of customer’s demand in more than 185 Countries. He has received 10 awards for his achievements success and contribution towards the Glove Industry (Top Glove Corporation Berhad, 2012) 2.0 INTRODUCTION TO HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD (Hartalega, 2013) Hartalega Berhad Manufacture and sell latex and Nitrile gloves.The company’s latex and Nitrile gloves consists of examination and Surgical, Laboratory, Clean room gloves, atomic power plant etc.It also deals in retail and wholesale of gloves, Property leasing research and development of automation systems. Hartalega was established in 1988 with the vision to produce gloves to protect the important thing which is Life, Hartalega Used to be  One line operation in the beginning but now it is one of the most largest Company with 53 Production lines, and a capability to produce 12 Billion gloves Per Year. Since the Start, Hartalega every single operation is been dedicated to Tradition of Excellence, they are delivering the best quality through state of the art equipment, high quality system and dedicated workers their products are high recognized all over the world Hartalega Success is Because of their loyal customers and Consistent improvements in quality of products, reliable service with efficiency by the culture of open and honest approach to business. Hartalega has Huge Market all over the world which are in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia Malaysia Hartalega is the company which has produced a lot types of products compare of it’s competitors and they are first one who has produced it which are Polymer Coated Powder-Free Examination Gloves, Low Protein Latex Examination Gloves, Robotic glove stripping system which helps to strip gloves off from the production lines, first one to produce high-stress relaxation NBR Examination and Surgical gloves, first industry to use oil Palm Empty fruit bunches as biomass fuel to produce heat for production process and Many More products which had produce 1st the Industry. Hartalega has earned a lot of Awards Because of their hard work, dedication and motivation. (Hartalega, 2013) (Businessweek, 2013) 2.1 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1. Kuan Kam HonExecutive Chairman and Managing Director 2. Chuah Phaik SimIndependent Non-Executive Director 3. Dato Mohamed ZakIndependent Non-Executive Director 4. Kuan Mun KengNon-Independent Executive Director 5. Kuan Mun LeongNon-Independent Executive Director 6. Liew Ben PohNon-Independent Non-Executive Director (Haralega, 2012) (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012) 2.2 HARTALEGA CHAIRMAN PROFILE: (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012) Kuan Kam Hon aged 65, Is the Executive chairman and Managing Director at  Hartalega, he was appointed on May 7, 2007. Kuan Kam Hon is responsible for all business strategic plannings and whole operations in the group including research and development, He started his Career in the construction company named kuan Yuen & Sons Company which was a well-known construction company in 1970’s, in 1981 he formed Hartalega Sdn Bhd Under his leadership Hartalega has now become a reputable producers of latex gloves in the industry in Malaysia and is public listed in bursa Malaysia. He has created a set of Management with Higher standards and encourages creativity and innovation to produce highly-skilled personnel. (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012) 3.0 RUBBER GLOVE INDSUTRY ANALYSIS The rubber demand has been increased rapidly high after the H1N1 Pandemic in 2010. Rubber glove industry is going to witness Lower demand as there is no Huge Disease found in Humans, Plants or Animals since last year, Rubber Glove Industry totally depends on its usage on medical sector, Industry has been facing recession time to time. Malaysia is the largest Producer and exporter of Rubber gloves at present, Malaysian industry of rubber gloves has high Demand all over the world, Top Producers of Rubber gloves are, Top Glove, Supermax, Kossan rubber industry and Hartalega. Malaysian Industry exports to the US, Europe, Latin America, China and India, Us is the largest Importer of Rubber Gloves as their expenditure on Health Care has gone high as percentage of GDP Since 2000. UK and European Countries are following the same trend of using more hygienic products. And is expected for other countries as well Demand for Rubber gloves Have Increased in Countries like India, China and Brazil in the recent years as they are more concerned to their healthcare and wants to use hygienic Products, Demand for lower-end powdered latex gloves is high in developing countries who are more cost conscious which is cheaper than powder-free latex and nitrile gloves, The Developed countries such as US and Europe prefer to use Powder-free latex and Nitrile gloves. (Koncept Analysis, 2012) 4.0 FUTURE OUTLOOK OF RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIES 4.1 HIGH DEMAND OF GLOVES: Rubber Glove Industry will be having long term  demand for their products from the highly developed Countries. Emerging economies may possibly drive high future demand as their population is increasing, they are more aware of the importance of hygienic products in medical sectors as will be having high demand of High quality of Healthcare products and services. Health Care Expenditures is increasing for most developed Countries, which has increased demand for gloves, which may affect increase in cost but still can be manageable. Gas and Labor cost are expected to be increase In 2013, but no sure if that can make a huge impact of Glove market (lee, 2012) 4.2 STABLE MARKET SHARE, CAPACITY TO INCREASE: Top 4 Glove Producers may not become M &A Targets. Kossan Rubber industry may have a chance of being such a target if we pick among the four Largest Producers. The Rubber Glove Companies are increasing their production capacity to remain in the competition. Annual Capacity growth is expected to be about 18% or 14.2BN pieces in 2013 (lee, 2012) 4.3 RISKS INVOVLED IN RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIES: Rubber Glove Industries can face various kinds of risks which are as follows: 1. Competitors in this Industry have aggressively expended their capacity plans this can result in an oversupply 2. Sharp instability in latex costs and foreign currencies resulting in near term margin squeeze 3. Political Risk, domestic and regional, Glove manufactures source 50% of their raw material from Thailand. Risk is low production of NR latex and lower supply at glove manufacturers 4. Infrastructural bottle necks and Labor Shortages : Supply of Malaysia’s Natural Gas is reached its maximum point to the Glove industries and new allocations are expected to come, any delay in new allocation will become a huge problem for Glove Industries for that they have to use alternative fuel for production with higher cost (Michelle Foong, 2012) 5.0 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 5.1 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR TOP GLOVE CORPORATION BERHARD 5.3 PROFITABLITY: Profitability ratios shows that profit earning capacity of a business for the sake of clear understanding profitability ratios classified into two categories general profitability ratios and overall profitability ratios, The gross profit margin ratio (or gross margin ratio) provides clues to the company’s pricing, cost structure and production efficiency. A low profit margin ratio indicates that low amount of earnings, required to pay fixed costs and profits are generated from revenues. (Thukaram, 2007). Top Glove Corporation gross profit margin has been increased as compare with the profit ratio in 2011 and 2012, 2011 it was 11.44% in 2012 its 16.63 same goes for net profit margin, but with less expenses. Top glove Corporation profit earning capacity has been increased impressively Profitability 2012 2011 Gross profit margin Net profit Margin Expenses margin 16,63 – 9,87 = 6.76% 11,44 – 6,57 = 4.87% 5.4 LIQUIDITY: Liquidity ratios provides information on the time structure of debt and the firm’s ability to meet its short term obligation Current ratio is balance-sheet financial performance measure of company liquidity. Current ratio indicates a company’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations. The current ratio measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. Quick ratio is viewed as a sign of a company’s financial strength or weakness; it gives information about a company’s short term liquidity. The ratio tells creditors how much of the company’s short term debt can be met by selling all the company’s liquid assets at very short notice. (Emilio Colombo, 2006).Liquidity ratios shows ability of the company to pay back its debts which top glove has improved  from 3.12:1 to 2.95:1 in 2012 LIQUIDITY 2012 2011 Current ratio Quick Ratio 5.5 EFFICIENCY: Efficiency ratios measure how efficiently a firm uses its resources. The average collection period shows the average number of days it takes your business to collect payment for sales to customers on credit, The accounts payable turnover ratio shows how quickly your business pays its bills and how often payables turn over during the year. Trends in the accounts payable turnover ratio demonstrates how your business handles its outgoing payments and can help you assess the cash situation of your business. This efficiency ratios shows that top glove fixed asset turnover has been increased from 2.9 in 2011 to 2.93% in 2012 debtors collection time has also slight more efficient compared to 2011 it was 47 days in 2012 it is 46 days meanwhile creditor payment is facing more delays compared to previous year which was 39days in 2011 turn into 44days in 2012 (Emilio Colombo, 2006) EFFICIENCY 2012 2011 Fixed asset turnover Debtors collection Creditor payment Stock Turnover 5.6 CAPITAL STRUCTURE: Capital Structure is a mix of a company’s long term debt, specific short-term debt, and common equity and preferred equity. The capital Structure is how a  firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. The interest coverage ratio indicates the extent of which earnings are available to meet interest payments. A interest cover ratio means less earnings are available to meet interest payments and that the business is more vulnerable to increases in interest rates. Capital Structure 2012 2011 Interest Cover Gearing ratio INVESTORS: Financial ratios are used to analyze company performance, Return of equities investors is much greater than that applied to debentures may be because this investment class have a huge risk, and ordinary shareholder are the best group of investors for an organizations. The Price earning ratio for an organization is used to compare the financial position of a company compare to other organizations, this means the better financial position of a company is according to PE Ratios the lower risks is for its investors and shareholders. Organizations which want to expand their dividends will seek to over a large amount of their earnings; whereas organizations which have high cash holdings are able to pay higher dividends if they wish to, the relation between dividends and earnings are calculated by dividend cover (Woods, 1999). Investors 2012 RM’000 2011 RM’000 ROCE ROE EPS 0,3277 0,1829 Earning Yield Dividend Payout Dividend Retention 1 – 0,478 = 0,52 1 – 0,59 = 0,41 6.0 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD 6.1 PROFITABLITY: These figures shows that Hartalega’s gross profit margin was 37.15% In 2011and it is Decreased in 2012 to 31.85%, Net profit margin is also decreased in 27.9% 2012 which was 33.4% in 2011 it tell that company is underperforming compared to last year’s performance. But expenses are decreased from 4.75% to 3.95% Profitability 2012 2011 Gross profit Net Profit Margin Expenses Margin 31,85 – 27,9 = 3.95% 37,15 – 32.4 = 4.75% 6.2 LIQUIDITY: This Table shows Liquidity of Hartalega Company their ability to pay their debts is Increased compared to 2011 which was 3.63:1 Now increased to 4.42:1 in current ratio. If we measure that in quick ratio it also shows an Increase from 2.81:1 to 3:28 Liquidity 2012 2011 Current Ratio Quick Ratio 6.3 EFFICIENCY: This table shows The Figures how Efficiently hartalega corporation is using their resources in 2011 their fixed asset turnover was 2.11 which is increased to 2.45% it tells us that and debtors collection period is decreased from 50 days to 46 days so they are collecting their debts earlier compared to previous year and creditor period in also decreased from 45 days to 35 days they are able to pay back their Creditors earlier than 2011 and stock turnover is also increased from 51 days to 56 days. This table tells us that hartalega is using their resources very efficiently Efficiency 2012 2011 Fixed asset turnover Debtors collection period Creditor payment Stock turnover 6.4 CAPITAL STRUCTURE: Capital Structure 2012 2011 Interest Cover Gearing Ratio INVESTORS: Investors 2012 2011 ROCE ROE EPS 0,2765 pence 0,2618 pence Earning Yield Dividend Payout Dividend Retention 1 – 0,43 = 0,57 1 – 0,29 = 0,71 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Rubber Glove industry has huge demand in market and in future it will be demanded even more Developed Countries and developing countries are very concerned to use Hygenic products in their medical sectors and so their medical care expenditures will be increasing the demand for Gloves will also be increasing. As For Under developed Countries If there is a hope for them to Increase their Economy and they will also be concerned to use hygienic products like other Developed Countries demand for the Rubber Gloves will go even higher. Malaysia has dominated the Rubber Glove Industry and Is the King of rubber gloves. Top Rubber and latex gloves manufacturing companies are In Malaysia So there is a lot more competition with in Malaysia on this Business and all the companies are trying to improve their   capacity top Glove Manufacturing companies In Malaysia are Top Glove and Hartalega which are performing extremely well in this business and their products are demanding all over the world. Malaysian Organizations are the largest world exports of rubber gloves industry where as other countries like Thailand have no Competition with Malaysian Industries the Biggest Strength of Malaysian industries are their labor production each worker in the rubber glove industry are three times more productive than Thailand and Indonesian workers. So there is Nothing to worry about at the moment that some Country Might take over their Market. There are few things Which has to be considered are political relations with other countries, Thailand supplies 50% of Raw Material to make gloves to Malaysia. Any Political Issue can cause a lot of problems to the Rubber Glove manufactures. Bibliography Businessweek, 2013. http://investing.businessweek.com. [Online] Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=HART:MK [Accessed 7 July 2013]. Emilio Colombo, L.S., 2006. Contribution to economics. In M.B. Werner A Muller, ed. Financial Market Imperfections and Corporate Decisions. New york: Physica-Verlag. p.174. EMIS, 2013. http://www.securities.com. [Online] Available at: http://www.securities.com/Public/company-profile/MY/Top_Glove_Corporation_Bhd_en_1663501.html [Accessed 7 July 2013]. Haralega, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual Report. Kuala Lumpur: Haralega Holdings Berhad. Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual report. Kuala Lumpur: Hartalega Holdings Hartalega Holdings. Hartalega, 2013. Hartalega.com. [Online] Available at: http://hartalega.com.my. [Accessed 7 July 2013]. Koncept Analysis, 2012. http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2097332/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012. [Online] Koncept An alsysis Available at: http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2097332/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012 [Accessed 8 July 2013]. lee, J., 2012. Malaysia Equity. Investment research daily, 1, p.23. Michelle Foong, 2012. Rubber Gloves Gloving the world. Research. Global Market Research Companies. Thukaram, R.M., 2007. Management Accounting. In Management Accounting. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International(P) Limited Publishers. p.588. Top Glove